内部爆炸载荷下泡沫夹芯圆筒的动态响应和结构优化

The metal foam-cored sandwich structures not only improve the blast-resistance performance of the structures but also greatly reduces the overall quality of the structures, which have a broad application prospects in blast and impact resistance. In this work, we focuse on the dynamic response and structure optimization of aluminum foam-cored sandwich tubes subjected to internal blast loading. Firstly, the deformation and failure modes of sandwich tube under internal blast loading and the energy absorption characteristics are investigated experimentally. Then, the finite element models of foam aluminum-cored sandwich tubes which reflects the microstructure of foams are established, and the mechanical process of the structures under blast loading are simulated. Based on the experiments and simulations, the dynamic response process is decoupled and simplified, and the theoretical model which describes the mechanical process of the sandwich tube is established. The design variables and optimization objectives are determined according to the theoretical model, and the optimal model of the aluminum foam-cored tube is established. The multi-objective optimization method is used to solve the model to achieve the optimal matching of structural parameters and improve the blast-resistance capability of the sandwich tubes. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for the design of lightweight portable explosion-proof.

金属泡沫夹芯结构不仅具有优异的抗爆性能，也大大降低结构总体质量，在防爆、抗冲击方面具有广阔的应用前景。本项目选取泡沫铝夹芯圆筒为研究对象，重点研究其在内部爆炸载荷下的动态响应和结构优化。通过实验掌握内部爆炸载荷下夹芯圆筒变形和失效模式以及缓冲吸能特性；建立反映泡沫真实结构的泡沫铝夹芯圆筒有限元模型，对爆炸载荷下结构的力学过程进行仿真分析；在实验和仿真研究的基础上，对动态响应过程进行解耦、简化，建立描述夹芯圆筒变形过程的理论模型；根据理论模型确定优化的设计变量和优化目标，建立泡沫铝夹芯圆筒的优化模型，采用多目标优化方法对模型进行求解，实现结构参量的最优匹配，提高夹心圆筒的抗爆性能。研究成果可为轻质便携防爆罐设计提供理论和技术支撑。

梯度泡沫夹芯结构能够有效地发挥梯度泡沫材料和泡沫夹芯结构的优点，增强结构的可设计性，进一步减轻结构重量，提高结构的抗爆性能。本项目以梯度泡沫夹芯圆筒为对象，研究其在内部爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应和抗爆性能优化，取得了预期的研究成果，可为新型轻质便携防爆容器结构设计提供理论和技术支撑。（1）开展内部爆炸载荷下夹芯圆筒的实验和有限元仿真研究，掌握夹芯圆筒内外壳体变形规律和芯体压溃机理，获得夹芯圆筒壳体的变形模式和失效模式，分析载荷强度、芯体密度、芯体梯度、内外壳体厚度、外壳体半径等因素对夹心圆筒变形过程和能量吸收的影响，获得内部爆炸载荷下夹芯圆筒动态响应和缓冲吸能特性。（2）根据试验和仿真结果，将泡沫夹芯圆筒变形过程简化、解耦成三个阶段，即爆炸载荷与内壳相互作用阶段、芯体压溃阶段和外壳变形阶段。在均质泡沫和梯度泡沫压溃控制方程的基础上，结合泡沫夹芯圆筒变形过程受力分析，建立了梯度泡沫夹芯圆筒变形过程理论分析模型。（3）对于结构的抗爆性能来说，获得较高的能量吸收和较低的外壳变形量是最优的，它们是两个相互矛盾的抗爆性能评价指标。以标准化能量吸收和标准化外壳最大变形量为目标，建立了抗爆性能多目标优化数学模型，基于代理模型技术和非支配排序遗传算法，获得了泡沫夹芯圆筒防爆容器抗爆性能Pareto前沿。相同外壳最大变形量条件下，相对于均质泡沫夹芯圆筒防爆容器，单独优化芯体梯度或内外壳体厚度，防爆容器的能量吸收分别提高了75.4%和45.0%，同时优化芯体梯度和内外壳体厚度，防爆容器的能量吸收提高了171.1%。第一作者发表SCI收录论文5篇；第一发明人申请相关专利8项，其中已授权6项；第一著作权人获软件著作权2项。