基于高速摄影测量的细粒矿物泡沫浮选气泡矿化特性研究

Froth flotation is the most industrially prevalent and applicable beneficiation technology. The process of bubble mineralization is the key procedure that influences the product recovery and concentrate quality of froth flotation. With the depletion of rich and free-milling ore due to continuous exploitation and utilization, the complex, lean and refractory ore has become the main source of mineral resource in China. The intrinsic physical and chemical properties of fine minerals have a negative effect on the flotation process. So far, the direct observation and characterization methods pertaining to the microscopic process of bubble mineralization in fine mineral froth flotation are largely insufficient. This project proposes to apply high-speed photogrammetry to the investigation of bubble mineralization characteristics in fine mineral froth flotation. By designing and setting up appropriate experimental systems, objective understanding of the collision, attachment and detachment behavior of ore particles and bubbles under various conditions can be obtained; key parameters, such as the critical radius of the grazing stream tube of the particle, the induction time, etc., can be quantified; the stability of the bubble-particle aggregate can be analyzed; a predictive model of the flotation efficiency, based on the characteristic parameters of bubble mineralization and other relevant factors, can be established; an effective control of the flotation process can be implemented; and an improvement of the efficiency and quality of fine mineral froth flotation can be achieved. This study provides an effective analysis and test method for the mechanism investigation and engineering application of fine mineral froth flotation; therefore it possesses significant academic value and wide application prospect.

泡沫浮选是工业上应用最广泛、适用性最强的选矿技术，气泡矿化过程是影响泡沫浮选产品回收率和精矿质量的关键步骤。随着富矿和易选矿不断开采利用而日趋枯竭，复杂、贫细、难处理矿成为我国矿产资源利用的主要来源。细粒矿物自身的物理化学性质给浮选过程带来负面影响。迄今有关细粒矿物泡沫浮选气泡矿化微观过程行之有效的直接观测及特性表征方法十分缺乏。本项目提出将高速摄影测量用于细粒矿物泡沫浮选气泡矿化特性的研究，通过设计和搭建适当的实验测试系统，获得矿粒与气泡在不同条件下碰撞、黏附和脱附等过程行为的客观认识，测定矿粒绕流临界流束半径、感应时间等关键参数，分析气泡-矿粒聚合体的稳定性，建立以气泡矿化特征参数及相关影响因素为基础的浮选效率预测模型，实现对浮选过程的有效调控，提高细粒矿物泡沫浮选的效率与质量。本项目研究可为细粒矿物泡沫浮选机理研究和工程应用提供有效的分析测试方法，具有重要的学术价值和广泛的应用前景。

本项目利用高速摄影技术动态测量和研究细粒矿物泡沫浮选气泡矿化特性，获得矿粒与气泡在不同条件下碰撞、黏附和脱附等过程行为的客观认识，测定矿粒绕流临界流束半径、感应时间等关键参数，分析气泡-矿粒聚合体的稳定性，建立以气泡矿化特征参数及相关影响因素为基础的浮选效率预测模型，实现对浮选过程的有效调控，提高细粒矿物泡沫浮选的效率与质量。.定量分析了气泡碰撞形变、黏附时间、三相接触线扩散特性及其影响因素，获得了颗粒黏附过程运动特性曲线及碰撞角与运动时间的关系，研究了不同光滑平板和粗糙平板与浮选气泡间的碰撞黏附行为，从微观和宏观两个层面探究了浮选过程中气泡与颗粒相互作用，推导出描述气泡与固体水平面、圆柱面间液膜演化的简化方程，构建了气泡与水平面碰撞、黏附过程和液膜演化的无量纲耦合模型，通过单因素分析及响应曲面法找出了各影响因素在实现较高黏附效率时的最佳组合，基于自主设计的浮选柱建立了气泡尺寸及泡沫性质测量系统，研究了不同起泡剂用量和充气量条件下气泡尺寸分布规律，分析了起泡能力和三相泡沫稳定性的主要影响因素。.本项目研究可为细粒矿物泡沫浮选机理研究和工程应用提供有效的分析测试方法，具有重要的学术价值和广泛的应用前景。基于本项目的研究工作，项目组已在国内外刊物上发表论文14篇，其中SCI收录10篇，EI收录13篇；获得授权发明专利3项，另有2项处在实质审查中，授权实用新型专利2项，授权软件著作权2项；培养毕业硕士研究生3人、博士研究生2人。