基于高电子迁移率电极材料的高效钙钛矿太阳电池的研究

The key scientific topic of this program is to design and synthesize the electrode material with high electron mobility, less Pb or Pb-free organic-inorganic perovskite material, as well as their photoelectronic application in high performance planar perovskite solar cells. The research is focused on the solution based chemical synthesis of conductive metal oxides (ITO, ATO, FTO, AZO, NTO et. al.) nanocrystal colloid and the hybrid material with graphene; less Pb or Pb-free environment friendly perovskite material with tunable absorption spectroscopy and the film formation technique. The relation between synthesis condition and the size, morphology, structure and band gap of electrode material and perovskite material will be investigated, which will be applied to the high efficiency, low cost planar perovskite solar cells. The target of this program is to obtain a series of new type of electron collection materials with high electron mobility, wide absorption spectra and environmental friendly less Pb or Pb free organic-inorganic perovskite material and high efficiency planar perovskite solar cell, through the rational design and controllable synthesis of conductive metal oxides (and hybrid materials with graphene) and perovskite material with different size, structure, band gap, photoelectronic conversion, carrier transport and recombination, and device optimization, in an effort to provide the new idea and technical support of the optoelectronic materials and their applications in energy fields.

本项目的核心科学问题是具有高电子迁移率电极材料、少铅或无铅有机-无机钙钛矿材料的设计与合成及其在高效率平面型钙钛矿太阳电池的光电应用研究。重点开展溶液相化学法制备导电金属氧化物（ITO、ATO、FTO、AZO和NTO等）纳米晶胶体溶液及其与石墨烯的复合材料；吸收光谱可调且环境友好的少铅或无铅钙钛矿材料及其成膜技术；探索合成条件与电极材料和钙钛矿材料的结构、尺寸、形貌和能带的关系，并进一步将其应用于高效率、低成本平面型钙钛矿太阳电池领域。希望通过对不同尺寸、结构和能带的导电金属氧化物（及其与石墨烯复合材料）和钙钛矿材料的设计与合成、光电转换、载流子传输与复合机理、器件优化的深入研究，成功研制一系列具有高电子迁移率的新型电子收集材料、宽光谱吸收且环境友好的少铅或无铅有机-无机钙钛矿材料及其高效率平面型钙钛矿太阳电池，为光电材料的可控制备和在能源领域的应用提供新思路和技术支撑。

本项目围绕具有高电子迁移率电极材料、卤化物钙钛矿材料的设计与合成及其在高效率平面型钙钛矿太阳电池和光催化领域的应用开展研究。通过溶液相化学法制备了金属氧化物（SnO2、Nb:TiO2、Sb:SnO2）纳米晶胶体溶液及 ATO（Sb:SnO2）纳米纤维等电子传输材料; 合成了MAPbI3钙钛矿大孔材料、CsPbI3(或CsPbBr3)纳米线、BA2CsPb2I7(BA= CH3(CH2)3NH3)二维钙钛矿材料、厚度从10-800微米可调的MAPbBr3单晶薄片和FA0.84MA0.16Pb(I0.84Br0.16)3微米晶体，获得了光电转换效率超过18%钙钛矿太阳电池；合成了CsPbBr3量子点-氧化石墨烯复合材料和无铅Cs2AgBiBr6双钙钛矿纳米晶，并开展了光催化还原CO2的研究；探索了合成条件与电极材料和钙钛矿材料的结构、尺寸、形貌和能带的关系，并利用稳态/瞬态荧光光谱、瞬态吸收光谱和电化学阻抗光谱等技术研究了钙钛矿太阳电池和光催化反应中的电子传输与复合过程，为高迁移率电子传输材料和宽光谱吸收且环境友好的卤化物钙钛矿材料的进一步理性设计与合成及其它们的光催化和太阳电池应用提供了扎实的基础和可行的新思路。