黄海冷水团蛇尾纲不同种类生存策略研究

Ophiuroidea is an important group of echinoderms. There is a high density of brittle star in Yellow sea cold water masses (YSCWM) and brittle star are keystone species in YSCWM ecosystem. This community is much important to the stability of benthic ecosystem. The dynamics of Ophiruoidea community is great significance to study the cold water mass change under global changes.The brittle star lived in YSCWM has been studied, but the past studies lack considerate description and targeted work. In this study, historical data of brittle star community was examined. Field work in the Yellow sea will conducted to reveal community characteristics and community changes in spatial and temporal scale. A variety of research methods will be used to reveal the food source of brittle star.And multivariate statistical analysis to reveal determining environmental factors to the distribution of brittle star. The survival strategies of different Ophiuroidea species will be analyzed by spatial and temporal distribution, community structure, food resources.This study will increase the width and depth of marine benthos research in YSCWM. The change of brittle star community in YSCWM was analyzed on the long time scale. And this study will provide basic data for benthic food network construction in YSCWM.

蛇尾纲为重要的棘皮动物类群，黄海冷水团海域存在着密度较高的蛇尾纲群落。该群落为冷水团底栖生态系统的优势种。现阶段，我国对该群落研究较为薄弱，大部分依托大型底栖动物调查，未开展其种群特征、食物来源以及生存策略等方面的研究。本研究以黄海冷水团区域蛇尾纲底栖动物为研究对象，整理分析历史数据，进行现场采样调查，揭示其群落特征与时空变化；采用多种研究方法和手段揭示冷水团蛇尾纲动物食物来源及其差异；耦合水体和沉积物环境要素，分析决定蛇尾纲分布的环境因素，分析不同种类的生存策略。本研究加深了对冷水团区域底栖动物研究的广度和深度，在长时间尺度分析冷水团海域蛇尾纲群落的变化，为冷水团底栖食物网构建提供基础数据。

本研究通过野外采样、室内活体培养与观察、稳定同位素与脂肪酸测定等手段与方法，厘清浅水萨氏真蛇尾Ophiura sarsii、司氏盖蛇尾Stegophiura sladeni、紫蛇尾Ophiopholis mirabilis生存策略的异同。浅水萨氏真蛇尾为腐食性，主要栖息于冷水团区域；司氏盖蛇尾同为腐食性，适温范围较广，栖息范围较广；紫蛇尾为悬浮物食性，仅栖息于近岸环境，其栖息需一定附着环境。上述结论得到胃含微生物、脂肪酸、稳定同位素等结果支持。同时，本项目开展了三种蛇尾种群特征研究，进行了浅水萨氏真蛇尾基因组测序、组装与注释等工作。下一步需结合基因组、转录组与模拟实验等方法与手段，综合揭示我国黄海海域三种蛇尾的环境适应性差异。