蓝藻神经毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸(BMAA)在淡水养殖生态系统中的健康风险评估及其调控技术研究

Cyanobacterial toxin of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) which possesses chronic neurotoxicity has become a new kind of pollutants in the freshwater aquaculture ecosystem with frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. It will seriously affect the normal growth, development and reproduction of the cultured species, especially related to the problem of food quality and safety of aquatic products. Therefore, the attention and investigation on the pollution characteristics of BMAA toxin and its health risk assessment in the freshwater aquaculture ecosystem, as well as the research and exploitation of efficient, safe control technology of BMAA toxin pollution are particularly urgent and desperately needed. In this project, the pollution levels of BMAA toxin and its enrichment in the aquatic products of the typical freshwater aquaculture ecosystem in China are investigated, and then the proposed standard limit of BMAA toxin for freshwater aquaculture product quality and safety will be preliminary established based on the situation of our country's, and the potential risk of BMAA existence to human health also will be evaluated. Meanwhile, the sustained-release antialgal agent of gallic acid is prepared by using the technology of microspheres. And then, the sustained-release antialgal agent will be systematically studied, including its algae-inhibition ability, control effect of BMAA toxin pollution, and its ecological safety to other aquatic organisms, in order to systematically, scientifically and comprehensively evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of using this new sustained-release antialgal agent for BMAA toxin pollution control in freshwater aquaculture ecosystems.

在蓝藻水华频发的淡水养殖生态系统中，具有慢性神经毒性的蓝藻毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸（BMAA）已成为一种新的污染物质，严重影响养殖生物正常的生长、发育和繁殖，尤其关系到水产品的食品质量安全问题。因此，关注和调查淡水养殖生态系统中BMAA毒素的污染特征并对其进行健康风险评估，以及研究和开发高效、安全的BMAA毒素污染调控技术显得尤为迫切和亟需。本项目通过调查我国典型淡水养殖生态系统中BMAA毒素的污染水平以及在水产品中的富集情况，初步提出基于我国国情的淡水养殖产品质量安全的BMAA毒素建议标准限值，并评估其对人体健康存在的潜在风险；同时利用微球化技术开发化感物质“没食子酸”的缓释抑藻剂，通过开展其抑藻能力、调控BMAA毒素污染效果及其生态安全性的研究，系统、科学、全面地评估利用新型化感缓释抑藻剂调控淡水养殖生态系统中BMAA毒素污染的可行性、有效性和安全性。

在蓝藻水华频发的淡水养殖生态系统中，具有慢性神经毒性的蓝藻毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸（BMAA）已成为一种新的污染物质，严重影响养殖生物正常的生长、发育和繁殖，尤其关系到水产品的食品质量安全问题。因此，关注和调查淡水养殖生态系统中BMAA毒素的污染特征并对其进行健康风险评估，以及研究和开发高效、安全的BMAA毒素污染调控技术显得尤为迫切和亟需。本项目选取我国长江中下游地区典型淡水养殖池塘的水体、底泥以及6种淡水养殖产品（河蚬、铜锈环棱螺、青虾、中华绒螯蟹、青鱼、鲫鱼）进行BMAA的含量检测，在此基础上开展BMAA对人体的健康风险评估，并初步提出基于我国国情的淡水养殖产品质量安全的BMAA毒素建议标准限值。同时采用L-半胱氨酸修饰后的氧化石墨烯为载体，结合化感物质“没食子酸”，制备新型化感缓释抑藻剂，研究其对产毒蓝藻（铜绿微囊藻）的抑藻作用和调控BMAA毒素污染的效果，并对其生态安全性开展研究，以此系统、科学、全面地评估利用新型化感缓释抑藻剂调控淡水养殖生态系统中BMAA毒素污染的可行性、有效性和安全性。研究结果表明，BMAA毒素在本项目所调查的淡水养殖环境和生物体内均有一定程度的污染，且具有生物累积效应。6种淡水养殖产品中BMAA的EDI值（估计每日摄入量）均远小于TDI值（每日容许摄入量），其浓度水平也远低于GV值（建议安全标准限值：成人12μg/g、儿童3μg/g），对人体的健康风险较低。没食子酸浓度为12.5mg/L制备的化感缓释抑藻剂既能保证较好的抑藻效果，又能有效调控BMAA毒素污染，添加7d后最高抑藻率可达93.70%、BMAA总量下降69.72%；经生物急性毒性测试发现，本项目开发的新型化感缓释抑藻剂具有良好的生态安全性，可应用至实际淡水养殖池塘产毒蓝藻水华治理中。