基于微波与磁铁耦合效应的道路除冰机理及除冰效率研究

To analysis the microscopic action mechanism and microwave deicing efficiency of asphalt pavement constructed with magnetic iron ores, the influence of magnetite aggregate's amount, microwave frequency to dielectric magnetic permeability and microwave heating efficiency will be studied by physical tests and numerical value calculation, and mathematical model will be established to reveal the mechanism of microwave and magnet coupling effect and microwave heating rule. To achieve computer simulation of microwave deicing, thermo dynamical parameter of materials will be tested, propagating rule of microwave in ice layer, ordinary and magnetic asphalt concrete layers and the course of them genesis and heat transmission will be studied, by which magnetite asphalt pavement's microwave deicing model is set up.By physical deicing tests and numerical value calculation, temperature field will be analyzed, the index of road deicing efficiency will be found out and the influence rules of magnetite aggregate's grade and amount, environmental temperature, ice layer's thickness and the factors of microwave field to microwave deicing efficiency will be studied. The conversion relationships of microwave absorption coefficient, deicing efficiency and magnetite aggregate's grade and amount will be founded and additional heating effect of sunlight to magnetic asphalt pavement will be analyzed. All research above will be the theoretical foundation of techniques of snow-melting and deicing pavement basing on microwave and magnet coupling effect.

针对利用微波融除含磁铁矿石路面冰雪的微观作用机理及其除冰效率，采用物理试验和数值计算，分析磁铁含量、微波频率对磁铁矿集料电磁参数的影响以及磁铁含量、微波频率对其微波发热效率的影响，建立微波频率、磁铁含量和微波发热效率之间数学关系模型，揭示微波与磁铁的耦合作用机理和发热规律；测定材料的热力学参数，分析微波在冰层、普通和磁铁矿沥青混凝土层中的传播规律和微波除冰中的生热和传热过程，构建道路微波除冰三维模型；利用仿真计算和除冰试验分析微波除冰中的温度场，找出道路微波除冰的效率指标，研究磁铁矿集料品位、用量、环境温度、冰层厚度、微波频率以及微波加热模式对微波除冰效率的影响规律；建立相同微波频率、冰层厚度和环境温度等外部条件下磁铁矿集料品位、用量等关键参数与微波除冰效率之间的量化关系；分析太阳光照下磁铁矿沥青路面产生的额外热效应及其路用性能；奠定基于微波与磁铁耦合效应融雪除冰技术的理论基础。

本项目通过磁铁矿沥青混凝土介电常数和复导磁率的测定、磁铁矿集料的微波发热试验，分析了磁铁含量、微波频率对磁铁矿集料电磁参数的影响以及磁铁含量、微波频率对其微波发热效率的影响，建立了微波频率、磁铁含量和微波发热效率之间数学关系模型，揭示了微波与磁铁的耦合作用机理和发热规律，即磁铁在微波作用下产生较大的介电损耗和导磁损耗，能够将微波能迅速转化为热量；磁铁矿沥青混凝土的导磁损耗在微波损耗中所占的比例约为34.1%～62.3%；测定了材料的热力学参数，分析了微波在冰层、普通和磁铁矿沥青混凝土层中的传播规律和微波除冰中的生热和传热过程，利用相关软件构建了道路微波除冰三维模型；利用仿真计算和除冰试验分析微波除冰中的温度场，找出了道路微波除冰的效率指标；利用理论分析、微波除冰试验和仿真模拟研究了磁铁矿集料品位和用量、环境温度、冰层厚度和微波场因素对微波除冰效率的影响规律；发现了冰层厚度对微波反射系数、微波除冰效率的显著影响，通过等效阻抗法得出了不同冰层厚度条件下2.45GHz微波在冰层界面反射系数的变化规律。首次建立了相同微波频率、冰层厚度和环境温度等外部条件下磁铁矿集料品位、用量等关键参数与微波除冰效率之间的量化关系，提出了根据磁铁矿石密度和集料用量计算微波吸收系数以及通过目标微波除冰效率反算磁铁矿石品位和集料用量的方法。研究成果填补了国内对磁铁矿沥青路面微波除冰机理和除冰效率研究的空白，对磁铁矿沥青路面的设计具有重要参考价值，并为其工程应用奠定了理论和试验基础。