采煤沉陷影响下高速公路内部变形传递机理研究

The related problems about expressway influenced by coal mining subsidence are increasing day by day with the large-scale construction of expressway in China. According to the deficiency of the researches on theories of expressway deformation and failure influenced by coal mining subsidence at present, in this subject, Various means such as laboratory mechanical test, numerical simulation calculation, field measurement, theoretical analysis and field test of theoretical achievement will be used to carry out the research on transfer mechanism of expressway internal deformation influenced by coal mining subsidence. By establishing corresponding mechanical models, the case that surface horizontal deformation, incline deformation and curvature deformation caused by coal mining subsidence have an effect on expressway can be translated into the stress problem of each main structure layer of expressway, and then responding mechanisms and sensitivity of each main structure layer of expressway to horizontal deformation, incline deformation and curvature deformation will be analyzed. Based on deformation superposition of each main structure layer, transfer routes and change laws of the deformation in expressway influenced by coal mining subsidence can be analyzed integrally. Meanwhile, main factors affecting deformation transfer in expressway will be determined. Coupling analysis of transfer mechanism of expressway internal deformation influenced by coal mining subsidence under the action of two external forces will be done by introducing the effect of traffic load to expressway deformation develop. The research provides the theoretical basis for controlling deformation and failure of expressway caused by coal mining subsidence in future and it has important theoretical and realistic significance for the construction of National Expressway Net and the sustainable development of coal mining area.

随着我国大规模高速公路建设的进行，高速公路受采煤沉陷影响的相关问题日益增多。针对目前高速公路受采煤沉陷影响变形破坏理论研究的不足，本课题采用实验室力学测试、数值模拟计算、现场实测、理论分析及理论成果现场检验等多种手段，开展采煤沉陷影响下高速公路内部变形传递机理的研究。通过建立相应的力学模型，将采煤沉陷引起的地表水平变形、倾斜、曲率对高速公路的影响转化为高速公路各主体结构层的受力问题，分析各主体结构层对三种变形指标的响应机制及敏感度；基于叠加各主体结构层对所受变形的响应，整体分析变形在高速公路内部的传递路线及变化规律，确定影响变形传递发展的主要因素；引入行车荷载对高速公路变形发展的影响，耦合分析两种外力作用下受采煤沉陷影响高速公路内部变形的传递机理。本研究为今后控制采煤沉陷引起的高速公路变形破坏提供了理论依据，对国家高速公路网的建设以及矿区生产的可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。

高速公路穿越煤矿井田会压覆大量的煤炭资源，由于对采煤沉陷影响下高速公路变形破坏理论研究的不足，一般情况下煤矿企业会放弃高速公路下的压煤，造成资源浪费和矿井的生产布局的改变。依托京张高速公路受宣东矿采煤沉陷影响变形破坏的现场，采用实验室力学测试、数值模拟计算、相似材料模型试验、现场实测、理论分析及理论成果现场检验等多种手段，开展采煤沉陷影响下高速公路内部变形传递机理的研究，取得如下研究成果：. （1）基于高速公路路面现场取样，进行了路面结构密度、单轴抗压强度、巴西劈裂及变角剪等物理力学性质测试，测定了面层、基层及底基层的材料参数，提出了3个主体结构层的破坏准侧。. （2）通过建立相应的力学模型，将采煤沉陷引起的地表倾斜、曲率、水平变形对高速公路的影响转化为高速公路各主体结构层的受力问题，分析各主体结构层对三种变形指标的响应机制及敏感度，得出地表水平变形是高速公路变形破坏的主要影响指标。. （3）整体分析高速公路主体结构对采煤沉陷引起的地表变形的响应，分阶段研究了变形在高速公路内部的传递路线，确定路面拉伸裂缝及鼓胀为高速公路最主要的破坏形态，工作面推进方向与高速公路延伸方向的关系、高速公路各主体结构层修筑材料物理力学性质、高速公路各主体结构层高度及修筑质量为影响变形传递发展的主要因素。. （4）引入行车荷载对高速公路变形发展的影响，研究了行车荷载与采煤沉陷引起的地表变形对高速公路的耦合作用，行车荷载对高速公路的影响主要为垂直方向对路基的压实作用，对高速公路内部变形的发展影响不大。. （5）基于地质雷达法，实现了对高速公路不同深度主体结构层隐蔽损伤的探测，提出了采煤沉陷影响下高速公路路面损坏的预测方法。. 研究结果为今后控制采煤沉陷引起的高速公路变形破坏提供了理论依据，对国家高速公路网的建设以及矿区生产的可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。