煤巷超前支承压力时滞规律及致突机理研究

This project takes the coal under abutment pressure as the research object, with the main content to law of time-delay of the abutment pressure corresponding to excavating velocity. Experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are used as the main research methods. This project wants to reveal the laws of time-delay of the abutment pressure, mechanism of coal and gas outburst, causing outburst of time-delay of the abutment pressure, gradual change law and sudden change law of multivariate parameter such as stresses, displacements, concentration of gas emission, gas pressure in coal, .acoustic emission, electromagnetic radiation etc. when gas outburst is gestating and outbursting. And the comprehensive models for prediction of coal and gas outburst will been built Based on the results as above and the models will provide theoretic instruct and technical support for roadway excavation in the state of safety, economic and high efficiency. The study is significant in theory and application for revealing and controlling coal and gas outburst.

本项目以煤巷前方支承压力作用范围内的煤体作为研究对象，以支承压力前移速度相对于掘进速度所表现出来的时滞规律为主要研究内容，通过实验研究、理论分析和数值模拟等综合研究手段，揭示支承压力时滞规律、煤巷煤与瓦斯突出生成机制，支承压力时滞致突机理，及应力、位移、瓦斯放散浓度、煤体内瓦斯压力、声发射、电磁辐射等多元物理力学参数在突出生成和发动过程中所表现出来的渐变规律和突变规律等科学问题，并根据多元参数的变化规律建立突出预测综合模型，为经济、安全、高效掘进提供理论支持和技术指导。该研究对深入揭示煤巷煤与瓦斯突出机理和有效防治突出有重要理论意义和应用价值。

煤巷掘进工作面是煤与瓦斯突出灾害的多发地点，也是目前国内外研究的重点与难点。针对这一问题，我们对掘进工作面煤体支承应力的动态变化规律，不同载荷加载下煤岩的物理力学性质变化规律等进行了详细的研究，并对采动应力影响煤与瓦斯突出发生的机制、突出的预警预测方法等进行了有效的探索。首先，通过三维相似模拟实验及数值模拟方法，研究了煤巷掘进过程中支承压力前移速度相对于掘进速度所表现出来的时滞特征及规律，并从理论上分析了支承压力时滞行为造成煤与瓦斯突出的发动、发展机制；其次，通过实验研究与现场监测，分析了煤岩材料在动载，静载，振动载荷作用下破坏过程中的不同力学性质，以及电磁微震等物理参量的变化规律，获得了一系列研究成果；最后，提出了一种煤与瓦斯突出的振动诱发机制，解释了小扰动、弱激发诱导煤与瓦斯突出的原因；提出并验证了一种利用电磁辐射接收天线进行震源定位的方法，丰富了煤岩动力灾害的监测预警技术；提出并验证了煤与瓦斯基于电磁、微震、声发射的多参量动态连续预测模型，提高了煤与瓦斯突出预测的效率与准确性。