复杂结构特厚煤层综放流场煤-矸-岩辐射规律及识别研究

According to specific occurrence conditions that the extra thick coal seams usually include layers of parting and present complex texture in our county, in order to realize caving automatically in the extra thick coal seams with complex texture. As realizing automation caving in the extra thick coal seams with complex texture being a strategic point, and on the basis of the detecting gangue from the mixture of top coal and roof rock in the coal seam with simple texture, the following researches will be performed in this project. Firstly, Sedimentary distribution of radionuclide contained in the top coal, parting and roof rock of coal seams with complex texture should be researched. Secondly, the static radiation characteristic of different rock and coal and the flowing caving mixture of parting and roof rock should be studied. Thirdly, the radiation limitation criterion of the caving top coal, parting and roof rock should be proposed to research the radiation dynamic change. Fourthly, the detecting theoretical model of flowing coal – parting - roof rock will be established to determining the sensitive characteristic parameters and indexes of real-time recognition. Finally, the detection of coal and gangue system in the extra thick coal seams with complex texture should be formed to perfect the nature gamma ray automatic identification of coal and gangue theory and techniques. All above researches will provide theoretical basis for intelligent efficient and safety of fully mechanized mining in extra thick coal seams with complex texture.

针对我国特厚煤层普遍含多层夹矸呈复杂结构的条件，以实现复杂结构特厚煤层自动化放顶煤为目标，从解决特厚煤层中夹矸与顶板岩石的有效识别为关键出发点，在简单结构煤层综放开采自然射线煤矸自动识别已取得研究成果的基础上，进一步研究含多层夹矸复杂结构特厚煤层自然沉积赋存状态下顶煤-夹矸-顶板岩石（煤-矸-岩）中放射性核素矿物沉积分布规律，研究不同煤种、不同岩性的夹矸及顶板岩石的辐射特性；研究放落流场中的煤-矸-岩不同介质混合状态流的辐射特性变化规律；提出顶煤-夹矸-岩石流出的辐射时效判别法，研究该方法下的夹矸与顶板垮矸的辐射动态变化特征，建立基于煤-矸-岩自然射线动态变化的识别理论模型，提出辐射时效识别的敏感特征参数及其指标，形成多夹矸复杂结构特厚煤层煤矸自动识别体系，进一步完善自然射线法煤矸自动识别理论与技术，为复杂结构特厚煤层高效综放智能化开采奠定基础。

本项以实现复杂结构特厚煤层自动化放顶煤为目标，研究放煤口流出的混合物中煤矸岩的自动识别。通过统计分析了特厚煤层综放开采工作面顶煤中夹矸的赋存特征，并根据统计结果设计了实验室相似模拟方案并进行了实验，得到了不同层位夹矸与顶煤的混合规律与放出特征；选取李楼煤矿1303工作面作为具体研究对象，对其煤层及其顶板岩石的放射性核素进行实验室检测分析，并在宏观上对他们进行辐射强度的定量测定，对比确定了不同层位的矸石放出后探测器所接收到的数据的分布特征，并分析了底板岩石对探测效果的影响；通过实验室实验，确定了不同煤矸混合状态的静态辐射特征：辐射强度与混矸率呈二次多项式的关系；通过煤矸混合物动静两态条件下的实验，验证了探测器在放煤口混合物动态条件下的探测效果，同时研究了放落流场中的煤-矸-岩不同截止混合状态的辐射特性变化规律，结合放煤口煤矸岩的放出特征，确定了基于自然射线法的复杂结构特厚煤层放顶煤煤-矸-岩识别敏感特征参数，并研发了本安型探测系统，在李楼煤矿1303综放工作面进行了工作面测试，通过井上、下不同工作环境的本底测试，确定了井下辐射环境的优势，并通过对仪器各项参数的测定，确定了仪器在井下工作的最佳参数，随后完成了井下矸石的静态探测，验证了探测器的工作精度，最后通过放煤过程实测证明了仪器的适用性和准确性。本项目研究成果初步建立了复杂结构特厚煤层综放开采煤矸识别的理论体系，研究成果为综放开采自动化放顶煤的煤矸识别提供新的理论和方法，并对实现综放工作面的“无人化”开采具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。