基于铜硫簇基金属有机框架制备起爆药及其微纳成型方法研究

Recently, the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) was introduced into the pyrotechnics owing to the miniature, intelligent, and controllable development of weapon systems and aerospace systems. Thus, it is urgently to develop primary explosives and processing methods to meet the demands of MEMS energetic chip. In this project, we will employ copper-chalcogenolate cluster based metal-organic frameworks as precursor, and combine with modern processing method to prepare composites with considerable mechanical strength, then utilize carbonization process and in situ azide reaction to obtain copper azide primary explosive composites that can match with MEMS energetic chip. It is envisioned that this strategy will overcome the problematic issues (inferior electrostatic sensitivity, lower flame sensitivity and the azide reaction induced volume expansion) by virtue of the high copper content, abundant elements of copper-chalcogenolate cluster based metal organic frameworks and the advantages of processing methods. We will thoroughly investigate the influence of the element composition, topology structure and processing method of precursors on the sensitivity property and detonation performance of primary explosives, then screen the primary explosives with low electrostatic discharge sensitivity, good flame sensitivity and good matchments with MEMS chip. This study may provides a new strategy on the design and synthesis primary explosives that suitable for MEMS energetic chip.

近年来，伴随着武器系统和航空航天系统小型化、智能化和集成化的发展，微机电系统(MEMS)被引入到火工品技术当中，急需开展与MEMS含能芯片相匹配的起爆药材料和微纳加工成型方法研究。本项目拟以铜硫簇基金属有机框架为前驱体，借助现代微纳加工成型方法将其制备成具有一定机械强度的复合材料，通过碳化、叠氮化反应得到与MEMS含能芯片相匹配的叠氮化铜复合起爆材料。希望利用铜硫簇基金属有机框架材料铜含量高、元素组成丰富的优点，以及微纳加工成型方法的优势，解决目前叠氮化铜起爆药静电安全性低、火焰感度差及叠氮化体积膨胀导致与MEMS器件匹配性变差等问题。研究前驱体材料的元素组成、拓扑结构、加工成型条件等因素对最终产物感度性质和起爆能力的影响，并筛选出静电安全性高、点火能力强、与MEMS含能芯片匹配性良好的起爆材料制备方法。本研究为开发适用于MEMS含能芯片的起爆药材料研发提供全新的研究思路。

针对叠氮化铜起爆药高输出能量与良好安全性之间的矛盾，我们提出基于MOFs前驱体功能化调控叠氮化铜瞬态起爆性能新策略。通过系统调控MOFs前驱体的结构、表面官能团及复合体系结构，优化电荷激发、转移和传输过程，实现外界刺激下瞬态起爆阈值调控，获得了起爆威力强、静电安全性好、火焰感度高、激光点火性能优异复合叠氮化铜起爆材料。 在此基础上，将MOFs与聚合物交联，制备得到具有一定机械强度的块体叠氮化铜复合材料。通过构筑多维度叠氮化铜颗粒间的电子转移通路，有效避免粉体材料在装药过程中界面摩擦导致的静电积累和静电放电，同时还提升其器件匹配性，为叠氮化铜在微纳火工品装置中的实际应用提供了可靠的加工成型方法。