宽带相控阵雷达极化精密测量技术

As a frontier research field, the wideband polarimetric phased array radar technology faces severe challenges, especially the accurate polarimetric information acquisition, which is a significant, fundamental and general problem in this field. On the one hand, due to the polarimetric bias introduced by the non-orthogonality of the two polarizations along different polarimetric phased array radar antenna beam directions, and the beam direction error as well as the antenna pattern distortion resulted by the signal band expansion, it is a very difficult problem for the polarimetric phased array radar antenna design and calibration while keeping the accurate polarimetric information acquisition for hundreds of beams within a wide angular region. On the other hand, in order to implement the the accurate polarization scattering characteristic acquisition of high speed targets, the methods of simultaneous polarimetric waveform design and signal processing have to be developed. On the background of the target recognition in air defense and anti-missile and target selection in precision strikes, this project, aiming to the important development tendency of wideband polarimetric phased array radar, by making efforts to break through the key technology of wideband polarimetric phased array antenna polarization characteristic analysis and modeling, polarimetric bias correction of wideband phased array radar, wideband polarimetric waveform design and signal processing, this project solves the problem of the accurate polarimetric technology of wideband polarimetric phased array radar, of which the achievements will provide theoretic and technical support for wideband polarimetric phased array radar system development.

作为前沿研究领域的宽带极化相控阵雷达技术存在诸多严峻挑战，特别是其极化信息的精确获取是目前该领域面临的一项重大基础和共性难题。一方面，由于极化相控阵雷达天线不同波束指向上极化的非正交性会导致极化测量误差，并且工作带宽的增加还会导致波束指向误差以及方向图失真，要想宽角扫描范围内成百上千个波束都保持极化信息的精确获取，这对全极化相控阵雷达天线的设计和校准来说是一个难题。另一方面，要实现高动态目标宽带极化散射特性的精密测量，必须在同时全极化测量波形设计和信号处理方法上创新发展。本项目以防空反导目标识别、精确打击目标选择等应用为背景，瞄准宽带全极化相控阵雷达这一重要发展趋势，着力突破宽带全极化相控阵天线极化特性分析与建模、宽带相控阵雷达极化测量误差校正、宽带极化测量波形设计与信号处理等关键技术，解决宽带全极化相控阵雷达极化精密测量这一难题，为宽带全极化相控阵雷达系统研制提供理论与技术支撑。

本项目瞄准宽带全极化相控阵雷达这一重要发展趋势，着力突破宽带全极化相控阵天线极化特性分析与建模、宽带相控阵雷达极化测量误差校正、宽带极化测量波形设计与信号处理等关键技术。具体研究内容包括三个方面：一是宽带全极化相控阵天线和差波束极化特性分析与建模，为后续极化测量误差校正提供依据；二是针对宽带全极化相控阵雷达系统的极化测量误差来源，通过揭示极化测量误差机理和建立相应的极化测量误差模型，提出相应的极化测量误差校正方法，解决宽带全极化相控阵系统校准难题；三是宽带极化测量波形设计与信号处理，解决宽带极化测量波形设计优化与信号处理难题。通过三年的研究，发现了雷达系统采样频率偏差对极化测量的影响，建立了极化测量误差模型；提出了连续相位编码波形及处理方法；提出了宽带相控阵天线极化测量误差校正方法。研究成果已应用于我国某大型空间目标监视雷达及某极化相控阵导引头样机，为宽带全极化相控阵雷达系统研制提供了有力支撑。