Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is an important mechanism for increasing genome diversity and regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Mis-regulation of alternative splicing can lead to human diseases. In recent years, emerging evidence indicated that chromatin structure plays a role in regulating alternative splicing. However, the molecular mechanisms and biological significance underlying splicing regulation by chromatin structure are not well-understood. Rett syndrome is a severe neurological disorder, which represents a leading cause of mental retardation in females worldwide. Rett syndrome is mainly caused by mutations found in X-linked MeCP2 gene. Despite significant progresses in Rett syndrome and MeCP2 research over the past few decades, our understanding on the pathogenesis of Rett syndrome and the molecular function of the chromatin structure protein MeCP2 remains elusive. In this proposal, we will utilize the animal and cellular models of MeCP2 to identify the Rett syndrome-associated alternative splicing events and investigate the molecular mechanisms of alternative splicing regulated by MeCP2-RNA interaction and the interaction between MeCP2 and its associated large protein complex. We will also apply patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to explore the biological functions of Rett syndrome-related splicing events. Taken together, we aim to gain new insights into the mechanisms and functions of alternative splicing regulated by chromatin-associated large complex and provide new direction on designing effective therapeutic strategies for Rett syndrome.
mRNA前体的可变剪接是增加基因组多样性和调控转录后基因表达的重要机制。异常剪接调控会导致人类疾病发生。近些年来的研究显示染色质结构在可变剪接调控中发挥作用。然而,我们对染色质结构调控可变剪接的机制和生物学意义还缺乏深入理解。Rett综合症是一种严重的神经疾病。它是由发生在与X染色体关联的MeCP2基因中的突变引起。迄今为止,对Rett综合症发病机理和染色质结构蛋白MeCP2的功能认识还非常有限。本项目将利用MeCP2动物和细胞模型,发现Rett综合症相关的可变剪接事件。通过研究MeCP2与RNA以及MeCP2与大分子蛋白复合物的相互作用,阐释MeCP2调控RNA剪接的分子机制。进一步利用病人来源的诱导多能干细胞,探索可变剪接在Rett综合症中的功能。通过本项目的实施,我们期望能够增加对染色质大分子复合物调控可变剪接的机制与功能的理解,并为研制Rett综合症的临床治疗方案提供新的思路。
Rett综合征(Rett syndrome)是一种是以女孩患者为主的神经发育紊乱。临床表现有手部刻板动作、智力低下、自闭障碍等。Rett综合征主要由MeCP2(methyl-CpG binding protein 2)基因中发生突变产生。MeCP2蛋白是带有MBD(methyl-CpG-binding domain)的蛋白家族成员。尽管进行了大量研究,但是我们对Rett综合征致病机理的认识仍不完全,还尚无针对这一疾病的有效治疗手段。.为了深入理解MeCP2在基因表达中的分子功能,我们利用优化的亚细胞组分生化分离方法,制备了富集高分子量组分的染色质抽提物,通过质谱方法发现MeCP2与由Rbfox蛋白和一些剪接调控蛋白组成的Rbfox/LASR(Large Assembly of Splicing Regulators)剪接超大复合物组分具有相互作用,MeCP2的MBD和ID结构域直接结合Rbfox蛋白,并证明MeCP2是Rbfox/LASR复合物之前未知的一个新组分。有意思的是,MeCP2可以作为脚手架蛋白负责这一复合物的组装,MeCP2敲除细胞中的剪接变化有一部分是由于Rbfox/LASR复合物的解离造成的,并导致RBFOX2和LASR组分结合靶基因mRNA前体中可变外显子下游内含子区域减少。在MeCP2敲除和T158M突变小鼠中,MeCP2/Rbfox/LASR复合物发生解离,造成与突出传递密切相关的Nrxn3和Nlgn1基因发生可变剪接变化。此外,我们发现MeCP2蛋白在体内、体外具有促进液-液相分离的能力,MeCP2突变后相分离能力减弱。MeCP2与Rbfoxs蛋白能够快速动态地发生共相分离,而其突变蛋白失去这种能力。在MeCP2敲除和T158M突变小鼠的大脑皮层中,Rbfoxs形成的puncta数目和大小减少,Rbfoxs与LASR其它组分共定位也减少。这些结果建立了MeCP2相分离能力受损与Rbfox/LASR复合物解离的功能联系。.综上所述,该工作报道了MeCP2具有组装蛋白质复合物的新功能,第一次将Rbfox/LASR剪接调控复合物与Rett综合征联系起来,揭示了Rett综合征小鼠模型中异常剪接发生的一个新机制,并且为Rett综合征致病机理的研究提供了新的思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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