肟基-巯基捕收剂对氧化和硫化铜矿物的异相凝聚与浮选调控

Aimed at the high efficient exploitation and utilization of copper ore resource ― one of the scarce and strategic mineral resources in China, a novel oximido-thio bifunctional surfactant is first introduced as a collector for copper oxide and sulfide mineral flotation. The new oximido-thio collectors and their preparation methods are developed by the investigations of their functional groupings and chemical synthesis method. The chelating mechanism of the oximido-thio heteroligand collectors with Cu, Fe or Ag ions and their adsorption behaviors on the interfaces of copper oxide and sulfide minerals are studied systematically. By means of evaluating the effects of the compositions and structures of ligands and hydrocarbons in the aimed oximido-thio heteroligand collector molecules on their chelating characteristics, hydrophile-lipophile balances and flotation performances, it will reveal the crucial role of them in heterocoagulation of copper oxide and sulfide minerals, and in controlling the hydrophobicity of copper oxide mineral interfaces and synchronous flotation of copper oxide and sulfide minerals. And then, the corresponding relations among their molecular structures, chelating mechanisms and flotation performances will be built. This project is bound to offer new oximido-thio chelating collectors and their flotation theories and techniques for improving the flotation recovery of valuable metal minerals from the refractory sulfide-oxide copper ore resources.

针对国家紧缺战略矿产资源- - 铜资源的高效开发利用需求，将一类结构新颖的肟基-巯基双官能团表面活性剂用作氧化铜和硫化铜矿物浮选捕收剂。通过捕收剂结构设计和合成研究，发展出新型异配位基螯合捕收剂及其制备新方法。系统研究肟基-巯基异配位体与铜、铁、银等金属离子的螯合作用及其在氧化和硫化铜矿物界面的吸附行为，探索异配位基螯合捕收剂分子中配位基和烃基的种类与结构对其螯合特性、亲水-疏水平衡和浮选性能的影响规律，揭示异配位基螯合捕收剂对硫化和氧化铜矿物的异相凝聚机理及其调控氧化铜矿物界面疏水与硫化/氧化铜矿物同步浮选的机制，建立肟基-巯基捕收剂结构-螯合机理-浮选性能的相互关系。为我国难处理硫化-氧化铜矿资源的高效回收提供一类结构新颖的异配位基螯合捕收剂及其浮选理论与技术。

针对国家紧缺战略矿产资源——铜资源的高效开发利用需求，设计出氧化铜和硫化铜矿物浮选捕收剂二硫代氨基甲酸酯（硫氮酯）-异羟肟酸、二硫代碳酸酯（黄原酸酯）-异羟肟酸、二硫代氨基甲酸酯-酮肟、黄原酸酯-酮肟、硫代氨基甲酸酯（硫氨酯）-异羟肟酸等肟基-巯基双官能团表面活性剂。优化了肟基-巯基类螯合剂的合成工艺，对其结构并进行红外光谱、核磁共振或气质联用等表征，确定合成目标产物。采用XPS、红外、紫外等研究了肟基-巯基类螯合剂对铜、铁、银等金属离子的螯合特性，确定肟基或巯基与金属离子的作用方式。联合使用AFM、SECM、ToF-SIMS、XPS或密度泛函计算等手段，探究了肟基-巯基类螯合剂在氧化铜矿物和硫化铜矿物上的异官能团双位吸附行为及其强化疏水机制；研究了肟基-巯基类螯合剂对氧化铜矿物和硫化铜矿物的协同配位和异相凝聚机理，实现硫化/氧化铜矿物同步浮选，建立起肟基-巯基捕收剂结构-螯合机理-浮选性能的相互关系。为我国难处理硫化-氧化铜矿资源的高效回收提供一类结构新颖的异配位基螯合捕收剂及其浮选理论与技术。项目申请12项发明专利，其中PCT专利1项，中国发明专利11项，授权中国发明专利8项；发表SCI/EI论文21篇，其中SCI论文17篇。已培养硕士研究生9名，博士研究生2名。