基于密度泛函理论的丰中子奇特核壳结构及其演化研究

Recent decades have witnessed the great success of nuclear density functional theory (DFT), which has been developed as a universal tool to explain and predict the static and dynamic property of atomic nuclei. However, one main challenge still remains for the microscopic explanations of shell-structure evolutions for exotic neutron-rich nuclei. To search the answer, we first investigate all kinds of factors which could influence the proper calculations of DFT. We begin with the test of different roles of central, spin-orbit and tensor forces, played on the shell evolutions. Because of the uncertainties related to the macroscopic properties of DFT, i.e., effective masses, symmetry energy, surface energy, nucleon effective mass splitting, we would like to further study their sensitivities on shell structure descriptions of exotic neutron-rich nuclei. Then we would do DFT calculations, together with the application of the generator coordinate method (GCM), to study the effects of space symmetries, intruder configurations, and configurations mixings on the ground and excited-state energies, charge radii and transition rates.

近些年，原子核能量密度泛函理论取得了许多重要的进展，已发展成为目前可以对核素图上绝大部分核素的静态及动力学性质实现统一描述的工具。但是，从微观角度解释丰中子奇特核的壳结构及其演化，依然是一个重大挑战。为研究这个问题，我们将首先对影响密度泛函理论描述能力的不同因素进行分析，从密度泛函理论采取的有效相互作用力角度出发，探讨中心力、自旋轨道耦合力以及张量力对壳结构的影响。鉴于密度泛函理论中的一些宏观物理量，如有效质量、对称能系数、表面能、质子中子有效质量劈裂等仍具有较大不确定性，我们也将研究它们对于丰中子奇特核的微观壳结构的影响。之后，我们将具体地进行密度泛函理论计算，并结合坐标生成法，研究空间对称性，闯入组态，组态混合效应对于基态及激发态的能量，电荷半径，跃迁几率的影响。

在本项目中，我们主要开展了丰中子奇特核的微观壳结构及其壳演化现象的研究。通过三年的实施，已完成了预计的目标。我们完成了对密度泛函程序的拓展，发表了计算程序；研究了丰中子奇特核的壳演化问题；探讨了奇特核的形状共存、形状演化、正四面体对称性等物理问题；并研究了奇特核结构对反应堆中微子反常、手征磁效应等重大物理问题的影响。我们一共发表了18篇SCI论文，参加并协助组织了多项学术会议，拓展了国内外的学术合作，为今后开展更多奇特核物理问题研究打下了坚实基础。