The succession of community diversity and interspecific interaction between key species are one of the key questions in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. The influence of environment change to the metacommunity species composition, ecological relationship and phylogenetic structure is the research frontier and challenge at present. The general rule of abundance and ecological status succession for key and ecological indicator species need more studies. Zoige Wetland is the largest peat-bog wetland and one of the top five largest pasturing regions in China. However, the long term blind exploitation and over grazing caused fast degradation of the grassland and wetland in Zoige. The conflict between the development of animal husbandry and the degradation of grassland is getting worse and worse. Therefore, to maintain the ecological balance, the study of fauna community and biodiversity succession on different degraded grassland becomes a hot issue at present. Based on long term field survey and the DNA barcoding technology, this project will study the fauna metacommunity diversity and ecological functions of key species on different degraded grasslands in order to: uncover the succession rules of community species diversity, functional diversity and phylogenetic structure; identify the population dynamics of key and ecological indicator species on different degraded grassland; reveal the general formation model for the metacommunity; provide new examples and insights for the community ecology theoretical research, for the study of metacommunity formation and succession, and for monitoring and recovering the degraded grassland on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
群落多样性演替和关键物种互作的研究一直是生态学和进化生物学领域的核心问题之一。环境改变对集合群落物种组成、生态关系和谱系结构的改变是当前的研究热点和难点,关键种和生态指示种的数量特征演替规律仍需进一步研究。若尔盖是我国面积最大的高原泥炭沼泽湿地分布区,也是全国五大重要牧区之一。长期的盲目开发和过度放牧造成了若尔盖湿地草地严重退化,畜牧业快速发展和草地不断退化之间矛盾日益加剧。因此,研究退化草地动物群落多样性的演变规律对维持草地生态平衡非常迫切和重要。本项目利用长期野外调查和DNA条形码技术,对不同退化草地动物集合群落的多样性和关键种开展深入研究,揭示群落多样性和群落谱系结构特征的演替规律;确定关键种和生态指示物种的数量演变特征;揭示集合群落形成的主要模式,为群落生态学的理论研究和集合群落的形成和演替提供新的案例,为青藏高原退化草地的恢复提供科学依据和支撑。
若尔盖是我国面积最大的高原泥炭沼泽湿地,也是全国五大重要牧区之一。长期的盲目开发和过度放牧造成了若尔盖湿地草地退化严重,畜牧业发展和草地不断退化之间矛盾日益加剧。因此,研究退化草地动物群落多样性的演变规律对维持草地生态平衡非常迫切和重要。.本项目利用长期野外调查,对不同退化草地动物的物种多样性和关键物种黑颈鹤等开展了系统深入研究。实验共采集地上节肢动物12485只,隶属于3纲16目。其中物种多度最高的5个目节肢动物依次是双翅目4315只(34.56%)、膜翅目1843只(14.76%)、愈腹跳虫目1282只(10.27%)、蜱螨目1072只(8.59%)和半翅目956只(7.66%)。实验调查鸟类约10目20科40种,其中雀形目23种(57.5%);留鸟27种(67.5%),夏候鸟11种(27.5%),旅鸟2种(5.0%)。食性分析表明杂食性鸟类最丰富有28种(69%),食虫鸟类5种(16%),食植鸟类3种(8%),食肉鸟类3种(7%)。未退化草地的地上节肢动物类群要多于其它退化草地,但季节对地上节肢动物多样性有较大影响。5月节肢动物丰富度在各梯度间无显著差异,但7月未退化样地的节肢动物丰富度明显高于轻度、中度和重度样地,而9月份重度样地的地上节肢动物丰富度显著低于未退化和轻度样地。未退化样地的鸟类丰富度略高于轻度、中度和重度样地。研究证实干牛粪对黑颈鹤的觅食行为有重要影响,黑颈鹤繁殖期的家域大小约为143公顷。黑颈鹤基因组大小约为1.23Gb,由17789个基因构成。有84个单拷贝的基因受到正选择,STC1, RNF8, RAD52等基因与黑颈鹤的高海拔环境适应有关,种群历史推断表明黑颈鹤种群出现了两次瓶颈效应。.相关研究揭示了鸟类、地表昆虫和植物群落多样性和群落谱系结构特征的在不同退化程度草地上的演替规律;确定了关键种或生态指示物种的数量变化特征;揭示了黑颈鹤对高海拔环境的遗传适应特征和机制,为青藏高原退化草地的监测和恢复提供了基础数据和科学支撑。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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