气承式膜结构紧急情况人员疏散逃生泄气分析方法研究

Through theoretical analysis, experimental research, program development and other measures, this project intends to study on deflation analysis method for air-supported membrane structures at emergency evacuation by using the Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element Method combined with the traditional nonlinear finite element theory. The project is proposed to establish appropriate deflation analysis model for air-supported membrane structures at emergency evacuation, as well as to simulate the whole collapse process while its emergency doors are opened. Based on developed program, the collapse mode of commonly air-supported membrane structures with cylindrical or spherical surfaces is studied, and corresponding evolution mechanisms and common laws of such collapse accident caused by deflation are revealed. The project is also proposed to probe the relationship of air-supported membrane structures' deflation time with inner inflation pressure, membrane properties, roof weight, door dimensions and structure leakage and so on. A simplified method for deflation time of air-supported membrane structures at emergency evacuation will be established. Furthermore, based on field investigation about deflation rate of current air-supported membrane structures at normal operation status in China, some evaluation methods and indicators will be put forward to assess the quality of air-supported membrane structures. The completion of this project can not only improve the analysis and design theory of air-supported membrane structures, but also supplement current membrane structure technical regulations in China, including putting forward requirements and rules and calculation methods of the deflation time of air-supported membrane structures at emergency evacuation, and establishing the quality evaluation index and acceptance criteria for air-supported membrane structures.

本项目拟采用向量式有限元与传统非线性有限元相结合的方法，通过理论分析、试验研究、程序开发等手段对紧急情况下人员疏散逃生时气承式膜结构泄气分析方法进行系统研究，建立气承式膜结构紧急情况下人员疏散逃生时泄气分析模型，实现气承式膜结构在应急门打开后泄气倒塌全过程模拟，研究常用柱面、球面气承式膜结构倒塌模式，揭示此类结构泄气倒塌的演变机理及共性规律；探讨气承式膜结构的泄气时间随充气气压、膜材属性、屋面重量、门口尺寸、工程密封质量等相关参数的变化关系，建立气承式膜结构泄气时间的简化计算方法；结合大量实际工程，以泄气速率为依据提出适用于我国国情的气承式膜结构质量评价方法。本项目的完成不仅可以丰富完善气承式膜结构分析设计理论，研究成果还可以应用于我国《膜结构技术规程》中，提出气承式膜结构在紧急情况下人员疏散逃生时间的相关要求与规定，并给出相应的计算方法，建立我国气承式膜结构工程的质量评价指标与验收标准。

项目组查阅了气承式充气膜结构相关的国内外文献和现有试验数据；进行了膜材径向、纬向单轴拉伸试验和径向、纬向不同应力比双轴拉伸试验，掌握了膜材基本力学性能及指标，提出了适用于泄气分析的弹性模量取值方法；通过开展常规气承式膜结构在不同泄气面积，初始气压、充气速率，膜面外荷载的泄气试验，得到了泄气倒塌过程中气压变化规律及膜面泄气倒塌进程的顶点位移时程曲线，掌握了气承式膜结构泄气过程结构响应的共性规律；对一球形气膜工程进行了紧急情况下人员疏散逃生演习，考察人员疏散过程中，由于身体对疏散通道的遮挡对泄气过程的影响规律。.基于经典热力学理论，建立了气承式膜结构紧急情况人员疏散逃生的泄气速率计算公式；在前人研究的基础上，推导了向量式有限元膜单元基本方程，以及膜材褶皱的处理方法，以此在泄气分析中采用向量式有限元法进行膜面运动求解，建立了适用于气承式膜结构泄气分析的数值模型；通过对各种典型气承式膜结构进行泄气倒塌全过程分析及动画演示，分析了气承式膜结构在泄气过程中的力学性能及倒塌机理，为气承式膜结构应急门设置及鼓风机选取提供参考；提出了考虑膜面荷载、洞口面积、鼓风速率的气承式膜结构紧急情况人员疏散逃生时间简化计算方法，用于建立适用于我国国情的气承式膜结构质量评价体系。.项目取得如下研究成果：项目负责人作为第一完成人获得2015 年度上海市科技进步二等奖1 项，项目名称“充气膜结构新体系分析设计与施工关键技术”；已发表科技论文9篇，其中SCI 检索论文5 篇，另外1 篇SCI 论文处于二审回复阶段；培养博士研究生3 名，硕士研究生1 名。本项目的完成完善了气承式膜结构的分析设计理论，也为其它类型充气膜结构的分析提供了参考。