磁约束核聚变复杂电磁环境下托卡马克装置面对等离子体第一壁的可靠性研究

As the key parts of the plasma facing components, the reliability performance of tokamak first wall directly affects the operation security of the tokamak device. Reliability research has made significant progress in other areas at home and abroad, but the fusion field just beginning. As far as we know, a huge electromagnetic force load will be produced by HALO current under strong magnetic field in the vacuum vessel, resulting in the reliability and safety of the plasma facing first wall and their support structure were affected. The project is committed to study the reliability of the tokamak plasma facing first wall structures, assess the reliability of the first wall in operation, and to provide a reference for the first wall probability design and upgrading. From the perspective of construction next generation fusion reactor, theory, statistical analysis and numerical simulation methods were used, and beginning with the study of the complex electromagnetic force load on the first wall structures, the first wall structural failure models were built and their reliability were analyzed . Finally, the reliability indexes of first wall structure were analyzed, and the overall reliability assessment was done in the system perspective. The research will deepen people's understanding and awareness on the reliability analysis of fusion engineering.

托卡马克装置面对等离子体第一壁作为直接面对高温等离子体的关键部件，其可靠性直接影响装置的安全运行。可靠性研究在国内外的其他领域已取得长足发展，但在聚变领域才刚刚起步。从现有认知看，HALO电流在真空室区域内强磁场作用下会产生巨大电磁力载荷，导致面对等离子体第一壁及其支撑结构可靠性和安全性受到影响。本项目致力于对托卡马克面对等离子体第一壁进行可靠性研究，评估第一壁在运行中的可靠性情况，为第一壁概率设计和升级改造提供参考。从建造未来聚变堆角度，运用理论和数值统计分析模拟方法，从第一壁结构上复杂电磁力载荷研究出发，分析并建立等离子体第一壁结构失效模型并进行可靠性分析；最后分析第一壁各结构部件可靠性指标并对整体进行可靠性评估，深化人们对聚变工程可靠性分析方面的理解和认识。

托卡马克装置面对等离子体第一壁结构作为直接面对高温等离子体的关键部件，其可靠性直接影响装置的安全运行。可靠性研究在国内外的其他领域已取得长足发展，但在聚变领域才刚刚起步。从现有认知看，HALO电流和感应涡流在真空室区域内强磁场作用下会产生巨大电磁力载荷，导致面对等离子体第一壁及其支撑结构可靠性和安全性受到影响。本项目主要完成了EAST上偏滤器靶板的Halo电流峰值分布模型、极限状态方程和结构可靠性研究，得到了靶板结构极限状态方程，利用MonteCarlo的统计抽样方法进行了靶板结构失效概率与可靠概率的模拟计算，结果表明在Halo电流作用下，EAST上偏滤器内靶板与外靶板均具有较高的结构可靠度。研究了EAST下偏滤器靶板的Halo电流和涡电流模型、极限状态方程和结构可靠性，分析了EAST下偏滤器面对等离子体第一壁材料的烧蚀机理并算出材料烧蚀极限状态方程，对偏滤器概率可靠性设计有重要指导意义。还完成了EAST上全钨偏滤器水冷系统和下偏滤器面对等离子体第一壁部件系统的RAMI分析，研究结果表明，这两系统具有较高的可靠性、可用性、可维护性和可检测性。最后根据EAST装置面对等离子体第一壁历年失效现象观察和失效数据的统计，分析出装置面对等离子体第一壁的可靠度函数、可用度函数和维修度函数，得到可靠度和维修度函数曲线及第一壁结构的可靠度随平均无故障时间变化率，完成整体风险评估，表明唯有提高系统的平均无故障时间才能提高系统可靠性。本项目初步完成了复杂电磁环境下偏滤器面对等离子体第一壁的可靠性研究，深化人们对聚变工程可靠性分析方面的理解和认识，为我国未来聚变工程堆的概率可靠性设计提供重要的理论依据和科学计算方法。