宁夏引黄灌区田间节水智能灌溉模型与方法研究

Western China is a serious water shortage region, especially in the irrigation water. At present, in Ningxia irrigation area of the Yellow River, irrigation from branch canals to the fields still follows the traditional method, which lets to serious waste of water resources. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and manage the farmland irrigation is a key point of water-saving problem. On the basis of NSFC titled with "study of automatic flow measurement devices and methods of Yellow River irrigation channels bucket mouth" (NO:60165001), grassing the opportunity of development of saving-water, the novel technology of saving-water irrigation used in Ningxia irrigation area of the Yellow River will be investigated. The model of soil moisture and irrigation amount intelligent prediction will be established. The multi-sensor information fusion based on some sensors, such as soil moisture, water level and flow rate sensor, and the advance techniques of Internet of Things will be studied. And the every parameters of irrigation prediction is analyzed. Based on the knowledge engineering, the decision basis of saving-water irrigation is presented. An intelligent water-saving irrigation and remote monitoring and control system will be developed. By the GPRS network, the actual irrigation information, such as the water consumption amount and charges, will be sent to the host computer and the irrigation information management will be achieved. The research fruit of this project will change the traditional Yellow River irrigated area irrigation methods to some extent, and be propitious to the scientific water consumption and water conservation, and also promote the development of agricultural economy.

我国西部地区严重缺水，尤其是农田灌溉用水十分紧缺。目前，宁夏引黄灌区由支渠到田间的灌溉仍沿用传统的模式，造成严重的水资源浪费。本项目在完成"引黄灌渠斗口流量自动测量方法装置与研究"国家自然基金项目的基础上，抓住大力发展节水灌溉的机遇，研究宁夏引黄灌区农田节水灌溉新技术，建立灌区农田土壤墒情和智能预测田间灌水量模型，研究土壤水分、水位、流量传感器等多传感器的信息采集与数据融合技术和先进的物联网技术，分析灌溉预报中的各个参量，运用知识工程原理，提出节水灌溉决策的依据，研究适用于宁夏引黄灌区农田节水智能灌溉与远程控制系统，实现农村农田灌溉的用水量、水费、灌溉面积等信息化管理和远程智能监控。本项目的研究成果将在从一定程度上改变宁夏引黄灌区农田传统的灌溉方式，实现科学用水、节约用水，促进农业经济快速发展。

目前，宁夏引黄灌区由支渠到田间的灌溉仍沿用传统的模式，造成严重的水资源浪费。本项目建立了灌区农田土壤墒情和智能预测田间灌水量模型，研究土壤水分、水位、流量传感器等多传感器的信息采集与数据融合技术和先进的物联网技术，分析灌溉预报中的各个参量，运用知识工程原理，提出节水灌溉决策的依据，研究适用于宁夏引黄灌区农田节水智能灌溉与远程控制系统，实现农村农田灌溉的用水量、水费、灌溉面积等信息化管理和远程智能监控。本项目的研究成果从一定程度上改变宁夏引黄灌区农田传统的灌溉方式，实现科学用水、节约用水。本项目组设计的智能灌溉监控系统主要实现了以下功能:. （1）精准灌溉，上传到服务器端的数据经过解析存储到数据库，通过专家系统利用模糊算法处理数据并结合作物在各个生长时期的不同需求，得出最佳的灌水时间和灌水量，以确保作物始终处于最优的生长环境，进而来保证作物的品质和产量。. （2）远程管理，系统管理员和用户可通过联网以 Web 形式访问监控中心，来进行管理。. （3）移动控制，持有手机APP移动终端的用户可查看所属农田的信息、灌水量信息、开关，电磁阀状态等，用户可通过手机终端界面来控制阀门，实施灌溉。. （4）智能施肥，通过对灌溉管道中灌溉肥水pH值、EC值的检测，结合专家系统设定的适合各个作物生长时期的pH值和EC值，来控制施肥管道的开度以达到调整肥水的pH值、EC值的目的。. （5）物联网管控平台：是整个系统的灵魂，主要实行系统综合管理、参数设置、数据存储打印及发送指令。. （6）视频监控：利用智能网络夜视摄像机和无线网络设备远程实时察看田中情况和水池情况。