火法冶金过程若干物理化学问题原位在线研究方法

Metallurgical industries are facing enormous pressures in resources/energy supply and environment protection, while the developments of new processes and technologies are extremely lack of scientific support due to the great limits of traditional study methods of metallurgical physical-chemistry. With the aids of advanced measurement and controlling technologies, this research is firstly to obtain the following key methods: in-situ analysis of microstructure pictures under high temperature, on line supply, separate and analysis for trace reactants/products during high temperature process, and in-situ measurements of high temperature properties of liquid/solid reactants. Based on those, it aims at: (1) establishing on line monitor and characterizing technologies of phase reconstruction; (2) developing on line test and characterizing methods of compressive strength for materials during high temperature oxidizing and reducing process, and revealing the potential relationship between phase structures and compressive strength; (3) establishing differential kinetic analysis methods of two-phase flow, further to obtain intrinsic mechanism and indexes; (4) developing viscosity test and characterizing technologies for high temperature colloids and particle-fluids under high temperature, high pressure and controlled atmosphere; (5) creating liquate crystallization and super-gravity metallurgical study methods, and to reveal the phase precipitation trends of melts during solidification. Accordingly, serial experimental and test systems would be created for the sake of understanding in-situ and micro essences of high temperature metallurgical process, and further to provide basic support for developing advanced technologies for effective utilization of complex ores.

冶金工业的发展面临资源与环境的巨大压力，由于传统冶金物理化学研究方法的局限使得新工艺、新技术的开发缺乏必要的科学理论支撑。本研究借助于先进检测与控制，在重点解决高温过程微观结构图像的原位在线分析、高温过程微量反应物/产物的在线供给、分离和分析、以及液固反应物的高温物性在线测试等技术的基础上，旨在获得以下高温冶金过程关键物理化学问题研究新方法：创建高温过程矿相重构在线监测及表征方法；研发高温氧化/还原过程中物料的抗压强度在线测定与表征方法，并揭示强度与矿相结构的内在联系；建立两相流微分反应动力学研究方法，获得本征反应机理和动力学参数；研发高温、高压及气氛可控条件下高温胶体和颗粒流体的粘度测定和表征方法；建立熔析结晶、超重力冶金研究方法，揭示高温熔体凝固过程固相析出规律。最终为了解高温冶金过程"实时"、"微观"的物理化学本质建立系统的实验检测体系，同时为复杂矿高效冶炼技术开发提供基础支撑。

本项目围绕“冶金炉料高温过程矿相重构及其对抗压强度的影响”，建立了冶金炉料在不同气氛、温度条件下的矿相结构演变在线分析方法，完成了典型铁矿石等在不同条件下的矿相结构变化研究；采用自行建立的原位观察系统完成了铁矿粉还原过程中颗粒表面结构和形貌变化的在线观察与分析；采用自行建立的高温在线抗压强度分析检测系统实现了对球团矿等在中性、还原气氛下高温加热过程中抗压强度的在线检测；建立了高温过程矿相重构在线监测及表征方法、以及在线测定高温氧化/还原过程中球团/烧结矿/焦炭等的抗压强度测定与表征方法。.围绕“气固两相流微分反应动力学”，研发了微型流化床反应分析系统，实现了气固反应动力学参数的在线测试；分别研究了粉煤气固两相流燃烧动力学、无烟煤燃烧反应性与动力学、以及铁矿粉流态化还原的本征动力学机理及数学模型；建立了气固两相流反应动力学的在线研究和分析方法。.围绕“高温胶体及颗粒流体高温粘性与流变特性表征”，研发了颗粒流体高温粘性测定装置，实现了颗粒流体粘性在不同温度条件下的粘性表征；并对表观粘度测定原理进行了解析，研究了不同实验参数对表观粘度测定结果的影响，探讨了铁粉等颗粒性质等对其粘附性能的影响趋势；同时研发了含固体质点的高温金属熔体的粘性表征及测试方法，并研究了高温胶体的粘性与温度、固体含量、颗粒尺寸之间的关系，提出了相应粘度预测模型；建立了高温、高压及气氛可控条件下高温胶体和颗粒的流体粘度测定和表征方法。.围绕“熔析结晶及超重力冶金研究方法”，研发了可实现不同温度、重力系数的高温超重力实验装置；研究了典型熔渣的熔析结晶规律及有价相的超重力富集；实现了典型钢水中非金属夹杂物的去除，同时研究了超重力场对典型钢种凝固组织的影响规律；实现了典型中低温金属熔体中非金属夹杂物的分离，同时研究了超重力对典型二元金属熔体凝固组织的影响规律；建立了熔析结晶、超重力冶金研究方法。