大熊猫母幼交流机制及其催产素变化与母性行为关系的研究

Maternal behaviour and vocalizations are an important method used by animals to communicate. For the giant panda ecology researches, of the many problems for captive breeding and reproduction, the lose of maternal behavior of captives panda was one of biggest ones, although the population of captive has arrived 471individuals of 2016 in China. The calls of giant panda cubs are often produced to contact with their mother, and while the mother would make the corresponding behavior and hormone changing to responded to these vocalization and behavior. However, what and how were the relationship between these signaling modes remains unknown. Therefore, we will carry out the two sides studies using captive giant panda in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. Firstly, using Infrared equipments, we will collect data for different individuals with respect of their genders, kin, and so on. We also will record their behavior to analysis the relationship between vocalization development and behavior features for cubs and mothers of giant panda. Secondly, we present results from a pilot study using captive giant pandas that focused on the oxytocin changing responses to acoustic and behavior of giant pandas during nursing period. Furthermore, we also analysis that photographs and vocalizations were discriminated to verify their cognitive ability. This research will add to our growing appreciation of communication in giant pandas, and may have applications for the captive and wild conservation management of this endangered species.

当前，无论是为维持濒危野生动物种群在野外的长期续存而实施的圈养个体的迁地保护，还是着力解决提高圈养种群生存力，都需要进一步系统地掌握大熊猫幼体发育有关行为生态学方面的资料。因此，本项目将就大熊猫母幼交流机制，及其内在的催产素与母性能力相关性等问题进行研究。拟在成都大熊猫繁育研究基地选择一定数量的实验对象，拟开展如下两个方面的研究：1）通过声谱分析、行为特征等分析，揭示大熊猫母幼之间的声音通讯和行为特征；2）综合声音、行为和催产素分析，探讨大熊猫育幼行为特征与催产素水平变化的规律，即其母性能力的内在表现机制。本项目成果将为优化与改善大熊猫育幼技术和饲养管理，及其放归野外提供切实可行的理论支持。

本项目从大熊猫母幼交流机制，及其内在的催产素与母性能力相关性等问题进行研究，系统地掌握大熊猫幼体发育有关行为生态学方面的资料。.主要研究结果如下：（1）大熊猫母兽对0-120日龄大熊猫幼仔进行哺乳活动时，大熊猫幼仔主要有咯咯叫、尖叫和咕咕叫三种叫声。（2）大熊猫幼仔发出叫声后，大熊猫母兽的回应率和行为类型均随叫声不同而不同，并且还受大熊猫幼仔日龄的影响。大熊猫幼仔出生初期（0-45日龄），大熊猫母兽对其三种叫声均以舔仔、叼仔为主进行回应，出生后期（45-120日龄），大熊猫母兽则更加以舔仔为主予以回应。表明不同日龄的大熊猫幼仔其不同叫声类型具有明确的功能意义，能够引导大熊猫母兽对其作出相应的、正确的行为回应。（3）哺乳大熊猫催产素水平明显高于非哺乳大熊猫；同样是哺乳大熊猫，经产大熊猫母兽的催产素水平明显低于初产大熊猫母体。初产大熊猫母兽的舔仔和位置调整 2 种母性行为较经产大熊猫母兽更多。简言之，与经产大熊猫母兽相比，初产大熊猫母兽在母性行为的表达上更多，个体行为的表达更少，且催产素水平更高。初产大熊猫母兽由于育幼经验不足而对大熊猫幼仔做出过于谨慎灵敏的反应；经产大熊猫母兽由于有足够的抱仔经验，能够准确掌握大熊猫幼仔的需求。（4）单胎、同卵双胎和异卵双胎3种类型的大熊猫幼仔在行为模式上是具有一定程度差异的，而这种差异或许是受到其遗传因素的影响或作用。.上述研究结果将为优化与改善大熊猫育幼技术和饲养管理，及其野化培训和放归野外提供切实可行的理论支持。