云贵高原候鸟越冬湿地景观变化及其对水鸟多样性的影响

Many facts from the recent scientific research and observation indicated the significant increasing of both species and abundance of migratory waterbirds in the inland plateau wetlands located in the junction of Yunnan and Guizhou Province. Cause for this maybe the poor understand on the existing water birds flying route in this area, or the ecological consequences caused by the regional wetland changes. There is however no scientific evidence found up to now. This project, combined remote sensing data with four times between 1970 and 2015, field data collected at fixed-point regular field sites during the continuous 2 years and statistical analysis method, focuses on the diversity of wetland landscape, vascular plants and waterbirds in this inland plateau. It will discuss the natural structure characteristics of the wetland landscapes and its process of change under human intervention, the diversity of vascular plants and its characteristics of changes, and the diversity of waterbirds and its response to the changes of wetland landscape, main ecological factors and vascular plants. Research results got from this project will be useful to explore the possibility of a migratory route/area for wintering waterbirds "from the east foothill of Qinghai-Tibet plateau through Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Red River Valley to the Beibu Bay", and will be also to provide specific material and scientific basis for management decisions to build the environment friendly wetlands in terms of region's wetland utilization and the protection of vascular plants and waterbirds in wetlands. Project will train 5 young scientists, publish 12 papers (including 3-4 papers in SCI source publications), and one book.

近年的研究和观察事实表明，云南、贵州结合部的内陆高原湿地迁徙水鸟明显增多，是已有的水鸟迁飞路线一直没有得到认识，还是区域性湿地变化引起的生态后果，尚缺乏科学证据。本项目结合1970年至2015年4个时段遥感解析、连续2周年的定点定期野外现场调查和统计分析等手段，研究该区域水鸟越冬湿地景观、维管植物和水鸟多样性，以探讨内陆高原湿地景观天然的结构特征和在人类干预下的变化、湿地维管植物多样性及其变化特征、湿地水鸟多样性及其对湿地景观、主要生态因子和植物变化的响应。研究结果有助于探讨 "从青藏高原东麓经云贵高原、红河至北部湾"一线是否存在水鸟越冬、迁徙路线/区域的可能性，也将为该区域构建湿地利用、湿地维管植物及水鸟保护的环境友好型湿地管理决策提供具体素材和科学依据。项目将培养高层次人才5人，发表论文12篇 (含SCI 源刊3-4篇)，争取出版专著1部。

湿地是支撑湿地生物多样性和湿地社会经济价值的重要生境，面临着因生境破碎化引起的单一化和退化。有研究显示在云贵高原的大区域的湖泊湿地是候鸟的重要越冬地和或迁徙通道，但买有具体的研究数据。.本课题在4年时间里，按照统一的方法，在云南为主兼顾四川贵州的大区域里的27个越冬候鸟集中的湖泊湿地183个观察点进行了生境、鸟类、植物，积累了一整套具体素材；共记录鸟类15目57科250种280 168只，包括水鸟82种218894只、非水鸟179种61013只、猛禽19种261只。同时详细研究了7个湖泊湿地生境结构、人为干预和鸟类多样性的联系。对比过去的研究成果，我们得到认识：（1）从湿地越冬候鸟种类在川南较低、滇东北和滇西北最高、滇中较高、滇东南较低，这一事实，证明云南的湖泊湿地是冬候鸟的重要越冬地，过境地作用较弱，至少不是主要候鸟的过境南迁通道；（2）云南以西以南的湿地鸟（例如钳嘴鹳）近年出现在云南大部地区，可能因食物变化、种群扩散等短期因素所致，没有鸟类空间的移动特定规律。（3）在湖泊湿地从传统农用到多用途的转变中，过度人工建造和人群进入，吸引了耐受性强的鸟类（例如红嘴鸥）但不利于敏感鸟类（鹤类、鸻鹬类）。（4）以不同维管植物为标志的土地覆盖（生境）类型对候鸟有不同的影响，但强调美化和水质净化的的湿地绿化使湖泊湿地生境单一化，给鸟类带来负面影响。.课题研究期间，培养本科生8人、硕士生7人、博士生3人，共计18人；22人次在国际国内学术会议进行学术交流；标注发表论文13篇(含SCI 和EI源刊物5篇)。.