大型民机斜交胎爆破喷流及冲击波传播特性研究

According to the actual demand of airworthiness verification during the development of domestically-made large civil aircraft, this project reveals the pressure distribution characteristic of the bias tire blowout in open and enclosed space with theoretical calculation, and searches the propagation law of tire blowout shock wave under various conditions. Based on the inflation-blowout accurate calculation model of bias tire, the effects of several factors on the failure modes of bias tire will be revealed. With the transient dynamics calculation of aircraft bias tire blowout and experimental study in the open space, this project develops the pressure distribution model of transient flow field of aircraft bias tire blowout considering several factors, studies propagation and decay characteristics of shock waves caused by the instant release of high pressure gas in the tire. Considering the propagation characteristics of shock wave in enclosed space, the pressure distribution of aircraft bias tire blowout flow field in the main landing gear cabin will be calculated, to reveal the mechanism of propagation, reflection and superposition of shock wave in landing gear cabin. The pressure distribution model of enclosed space in time/space domains and aerodynamic load model of space boundary will be developed. This project proceeds from the airworthiness of civil aircraft, develops the transient flow field distribution theory of tire blowout. This study will lay a solid theoretical foundation of aircraft structure anti-blowout safety design, and improve the flight airworthiness of large aircraft.

本项目基于国产大型民机研发中开展适航审定的实际需求，以理论计算和试验验证为手段，阐明斜交胎爆破喷流在开放空间及密闭空间内的压强分布特性，探索不同条件下轮胎爆破冲击波的传播规律。基于斜交胎充压-爆破精确计算模型，阐明多种因素对斜交胎爆破失效模式的影响；完成开放空间内航空斜交胎爆破过程瞬态动力学计算和试验研究，发展考虑多种因素耦合作用的航空斜交胎爆破瞬态流场压强分布模型，探索轮胎内部高压气体瞬间释放所引起的爆破冲击波传播及衰减特性；结合封闭空间内冲击波传播特性，开展起落架舱内部航空斜交胎爆破的流场计算，阐明起落架舱内轮胎爆破冲击波传播、反射和叠加机制，发展形成密闭空间内的压强时空分布模型及空间边界气动载荷分布模型。本项目从民机适航角度出发，发展现有轮胎爆破瞬态流场分布理论，为航空结构抗爆胎安全设计奠定理论基础，有利于提高大型航空器的适航性。

航空轮胎爆破是威胁飞机飞行安全的一种特定风险，对航空轮胎爆破流场进行研究是我国开展自主民机适航认证亟需发展的关键技术之一。本项目主要围绕航空斜交胎爆破这一典型现象开展研究，通过理论数值计算和实验研究的方式分析了轮胎爆破喷流特性和危害性。以流体动力学理论为基础，建立了航空轮胎爆破瞬态流场压强计算模型，得到了详细的爆破流场分布规律。开展了航空斜交胎开放空间内爆破实验，测试轮胎爆破流场压力分布数据，验证并完善理论和数值模型，并对斜交胎爆破失效模式进行了分析。开展起落架舱内部航空斜交胎爆破的瞬态流场计算，研究舱内轮胎爆破流场压强在时间域和空间域内的分布及演变特性，阐明了狭小密闭空间内轮胎爆破冲击波的传播机理，确定流场边界上的高承载区域。本项目还开展了起落架舱内液压管路在轮胎爆破冲击下的安全性研究，详细评估舱内轮胎爆破对关键结构组件的危害程度。本项目研究成果可为航空结构安全设计提供理论参考，对于保障民机适航性和安全性具有重要的意义。