西南高原季节性旱区多熟种植模式的水分生态过程与调控

Aming at the actual problem that frequent drought and serious disaster in seasonal arid region of southwest plateau, and there are many questions in traditional planting patterns, such as serious resource waste, unreasonable crop collocation, low duplicate planting index, low and unstable output, and so on, we found the basic reason that the limited water can not be used completely in field. Consequently, in order to improve use ratio of water resouce basing on natural resources of southwest plateau, we want to find out the moving law and space-time change pattern of soil water in field of multiple crop planting patterns, ascertain the water consuming regulation and quantity of multiple crop planting patterns, simulate the water ecological process and effect of multiple crop planting patterns, put forward the water coordination degree and water potential productivity of multiple crop planting patterns, sift and evaluate the regional suitablity and sustainability of diffirent multiple crop planting patterns, and construct the optimized multiple crop planting patterns of saving water and high efficiency in arid farmland in seasonal arid areas of southwest plateau by field location research on water ecological process and regulation. With that, both of the water use ratio and productivity can be improved, and soil water ecological environment will be protected effectively and used persistently. Our research will provide strong theory and technical guarantee for food safety, agricultural construction adjustment and ecological environment building.

针对西南高原季节性旱区旱灾频发和灾情逐年加剧的现状，发现传统种植方式存在资源浪费严重、作物搭配不合理、复种指数过低、产量低而不稳等诸多问题，究其根本原因是没有抓住系统的关键因子-水分。对此，立足高原自然资源禀赋和旱农产业格局，以提高有限水分资源的利用为主要目的，通过田区定位试验，开展不同降水类型区多熟种植模式的水分生态过程与调控研究，查明旱地主要多熟种植模式农田水分运移规律及时空变化格局，确定模式的耗水规律及模数，提出其水分协调度和水分生产潜力；并运用EPIC模型模拟验证主要多熟种植模式的水分生态过程与效应，筛选和评价不同模式的区域适宜性和持续性，构建西南高原季节性旱区旱作农田节水高效多熟种植优化模式。达到既能提高农田水分利用效率和生产力的目的，又能实现土壤水分生态环境的有效保护和持续利用。研究结果可为西南高原季节性旱区的粮食安全、农业结构调整和生态环境建设提供理论基础和技术支持。

针对西南高原季节性旱区旱灾频发和灾情逐年加剧的现状，发现传统种植方式存在资源浪费严重、作物搭配不合理、复种指数过低、产量低而不稳等诸多问题，究其根本原因是没有抓住系统的关键因子-水分。对此，立足高原自然资源禀赋和旱农产业格局，以提高有限水分资源的利用为主要目的，通过田区定位试验，开展不同降水类型区多熟种植模式的水分生态过程与调控研究，查明旱地主要多熟种植模式农田水分运移规律及时空变化格局，确定模式的耗水规律及模数，提出其水分满足率和水分生产潜力；数值模拟主要多熟种植模式的水分生态过程，筛选和评价不同模式的区域适宜性和持续性，构建西南高原季节性旱区旱作农田节水高效多熟种植优化模式。达到既能提高农田水分利用效率和生产力的目的，又能实现土壤水分生态环境的有效保护和持续利用。研究结果可为西南高原季节性旱区的粮食安全、农业结构调整和生态环境建设提供理论基础和技术支持。