阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点布局演变及优化研究---以内蒙古包头市达茂旗为例

Analysis of the evolution mechanism and optimization of the residential land in the farming-pastoral zone at north margin of Yinshan Mountain, is the key to promote the development of urban and rural areas in the ecological and fragile farming-pastoral zone and to optimize the allocation of land resources. In this project, we use mathematical morphology, field investigation, "3S" technology, mathematical model, and under the support of multi-source data, we construct quantitative characterization index to quantify the spatial distribution of settlements in the farming-pastoral zone at north margin of Yinshan Mountain in multi-level and multi-dimension ways. Establish the mathematical model between the distribution characteristics of the residential land and the relevant influencing factors, analyze the mechanism of the environmental factors such as natural and socio-economic, and identify the driving factors that affect the change of the distribution of the settlements, and reveal the evolution and mechanism of the spatial distribution of the settlements in the farming-pastoral zone at north margin of Yinshan Mountain. This paper explores the coupling relationship between the distribution of the residential land and the environmental factors, measures the coupling state and development trend of the distribution pattern of the settlements and the environmental suitability, reveals the problems in the coupling system, and puts forward the scheme and the path of the optimization of the spatial distribution of the residential land. And provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the improvement of living environment, the optimal allocation of land resources, the renovation of villages, the administration and the poverty alleviation in the farming-pastoral zone at north margin of Yinshan Mountain and even the similar areas.

探索阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点布局演变机理与优化路径，是有序推进生态脆弱农牧交错区城乡统筹发展、土地资源优化配置的关键。本项目综合运用数学形态学、实地调研、“3S”技术、数理模型等手段与方法，在多源数据支持下，构建阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点布局定量表征指数，从多层次、多维度定量刻画阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点空间分布特征。建立居民点布局特征-相关影响因素数理模型，分析自然、社会经济等环境背景因素的作用机制，辨识影响居民点布局变化的驱动因子，揭示阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点空间分布格局演变过程与机理。探索居民点布局与环境要素的耦合情况，测度居民点分布格局与环境适宜性耦合协调状态与发展趋势，揭示耦合系统存在的问题，提出居民点空间布局优化调整方案与路径。为阴山北麓农牧交错区乃至同类地区人居环境改善、土地资源优化配置、村庄整治、行政管理、精准扶贫等工作提供理论支撑和科学依据。

探索阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点布局演变机理与优化路径，是有序推进生态脆弱农牧交错区城乡统筹发展、土地资源优化配置的关键。本项目综合运用数学形态学、实地调研、“3S”技术、数理模型等手段与方法，在多源数据支持下，揭示阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点分布特征及时空演变过程与机理，进行居民点空间分布格局与环境适宜性耦合分析，提出居民点空间布局优化调整方案与路径。研究结果表明：①达茂旗居民点分布整体较为聚集，呈"东南密西北疏"的空间差异，研究区居民点斑块规模相差悬殊，小型居民点占主体。居民点空间分布重心呈现出逐渐向东南部发展的趋势。②在DEM和坡度对居民点分布的影响上呈倒“U”型特征 DEM的峰值为1400～1600 m，坡度峰值为3.056°～5.446°。在坡向选择上逐渐倾向于南坡等阳坡，且比重逐年增大，在距水域距离上并未呈现出明显的近水性，而在距水域7～10km区间分布数量最多。道路距离上呈现出明显的近道路取向。中心城镇对居民点的辐射影响仅局限一定范围内。蒙古族游牧文化促使居民点分布呈“满天星”的高度分散特征，政府政策对达茂旗居民点空间分布及格局具有重要影响。③研究区居民点空间分布与环境适宜性耦合情况最佳的最适宜等级面积变化呈现出先增加后降低现象，适宜性耦合最佳区域多集中在研究区的南部，研究区北部、西北部区域的非适宜区面积增加显著。从其适宜斑块面积来看，也呈现出越来越破碎化的趋势。④在分析居民点体系等级结构、职能结构和空间结构的基础上，依据环境适宜性耦合评价结果对旗域内的村庄进行分类，根据类别提出相应的优化策略。