角果碱蓬适应碱性盐土壤的分子基础初探

Plants of Suaeda are the typical halophyte with a worldwide distribution and adaptive to the high salinity. Based on the analysis of the field distribution of Suaeda spieces on Songnen alkali grassland, we found that S. corniculata is principally on Songnen saline-alkaline grassland in distribution, which exhibits strong tolerance to alkaline salts with high pH (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3). Proteomics and metabolomics is applied to investigate the physiological responses and the adaptive changes of S. corniculata exposed to high concentrations of the typical neutral salts and alkaline salts in this project. Bioinformatics analysis is conducted based on the analyzing the molecular foundations of alkaline salt adaptation in halophyte S. corniculata. Systems biology focuses on complex interactions in biological systems which is complementary to the investigations of the traditional physiology analysis that limited in the number of biological indicators or phenotypes. Systems biology research would help to recognize typical metabolites profiling and unique metabolic pathway in the plants exposed to different types of salts. To investigate the differences in the systematic responses to neutral salt and alkaline salt stress in S. corniculata would help us to understand salinity tolerance in halophytes and would also aid in the exploitation of alkali resistance plant resources.

碱蓬属植物为世界广布、耐盐能力极强的真盐生植物。我们通过野外观察并分析碱蓬属植物在盐碱土壤上的分布特点发现，角果碱蓬更适应于含碱性盐（碳酸盐，pH较高）的土壤，极少见于松嫩盐碱土壤以外的其他地域。本项目应用蛋白质组学和代谢组学技术比较角果碱蓬的生理代谢对碱性盐（Na2CO3）、中性盐（NaCl）胁迫的响应与适应过程，并结合生物信息学手段初步解析角果碱蓬适应碱性盐胁迫的分子基础。这些系统生物学的研究方法可以弥补以往研究中仅"局部"观察少数生物学指标或生理学现象的不足，同时有利于甄别角果碱蓬与碱性盐、中性盐相关的典型代谢特征和特异代谢途径，提高了深入认知角果碱蓬适应碱性盐土壤机制的可能性，有益于深入理解盐生植物对盐碱环境的适应机理，也是深入挖掘碱性盐土壤适宜植物资源的重要基础工作。

土壤盐碱化是影响植物生长和产量的主要环境因子。碱蓬属（Suaeda）植物为世界广布、耐盐能力极强的真盐生植物，角果碱蓬（S. corniculata）在东北松嫩平原的盐碱草地上广泛分布，显示出比其他碱蓬属植物更高的耐盐碱能力。植物对盐碱生境的响应与适应是遗传背景下生理代谢上的复杂反应，存在着一系列信号途径协同调控下的多种生理机制。本项目应用蛋白质组学和代谢组学技术研究角果碱蓬的生理代谢对碱性盐（Na2CO3）、中性盐（NaCl）胁迫的响应与适应过程，明确了角果碱蓬在蛋白质水平和代谢物水平上响应盐碱胁迫的分子基础，总结了角果碱蓬适应盐碱胁迫的生理代谢途径和代谢特征。我们的研究特色在于整体关注植物地上、地下部分对胁迫的响应，强调系统生物学分析，为深入研究盐生植物耐盐分子基础提供了依据。