极端热环境下高超声速飞行器天线罩的电性能动态分析及结构稳健设计

Hypersonic vehicles have to withstand extreme aerodynamic heating effects during the flight, which will cause dynamic variation in the structural factors, such as material properties and thickness, of the radomes in front of the vehicles, thus greatly degrading the electromagnetic performance. Existing researches fail to consider the dynamic characteristics of radome structural factors and the corresponding electromagnetic performance variation of the radomes, and neglect the strong nonlinear relation between radome structural factors and the electromagnetic performance. Therefore, in the existing works, the electromagnetic performance predictions are inaccurate and the improvements are greatly limited. This project is aimed at solving the problem of the electromagnetic performance degradations of hypersonic airborne radomes during the flight. Interval analysis methods are introduced to describe the variation of structural factors, and the interval analysis model between structural factors and electromagnetic performance is established by studying the dynamic influence mechanism of radome structural factors on the electromagnetic performance and the strong nonlinear influence relation between them. Using this interval analysis model, the dynamic analysis of the radome electromagnetic performance can be realized. On this basis, a robust design method of radome structural factors is proposed to improve the electromagnetic performance under extreme dynamic thermal environments. This project can provide theoretical guidance value for the design of hypersonic airborne radomes and reference value for the research of other electromechanical systems.

高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中存在剧烈的气动加热现象，导致飞行器前端的天线罩材料参数和厚度等结构因素随时间动态变化，严重影响电性能。现有研究中未考虑天线罩结构因素及电性能变化的动态特性，并忽视了天线罩结构因素与电性能之间的强非线性关系，导致对电性能变化的预测不准，且其改善效果受到很大限制。本项目针对高超声速飞行器天线罩在飞行过程中极端动态热环境导致其电性能恶化的问题，引入区间分析方法来描述结构因素的变化情况，通过研究结构因素对天线罩电性能的动态影响机理以及二者之间的强非线性影响关系，建立结构因素与电性能之间的区间分析模型，实现天线罩电性能的动态分析；在此基础上，提出一种天线罩结构的稳健设计方法，改善极端动态热环境下天线罩的电性能。本项目可为高超声速飞行器天线罩的设计提供理论指导，也可为其它机电系统的研究提供思路借鉴。

高超声速飞行器极高的飞行速度能够大大提升飞行器的突防能力与生存能力，具有巨大的军事和经济效益。在高超声速飞行过程中，飞行器存在剧烈的气动加热现象，导致飞行器前端的天线罩温度极剧升高，并在飞行过程中动态变化，从而导致天线罩的材料参数与厚度发生变化，对电性能造成难以预知的影响。针对该问题，本项目从区间分析这一角度出发，用更易于获知的区间信息来描述服役过程中天线罩的材料参数和厚度等结构因素的变化情况，建立从天线罩结构因素区间到电性能区间之间的分析模型，实现对极端、动态热环境下天线罩电性能的动态分析。在此基础上，引入天线罩稳健设计的概念，依据天线罩结构因素参数与其误差区间，以天线罩的厚度等参数为设计变量，以无误差时的电性能指标和有误差区间时的电性能指标区间为优化目标，建立天线罩的稳健优化模型，实现确定性电性能指标和不确定性电性能指标综合最优。研究表明，在特定的天线罩结构因素区间范围内，天线罩区间分析模型可以有效地得到相应的电性能指标变化区间，通过设计厚度等参数，可以有效改善天线罩电性能的稳健性。本项目的成果建立了天线罩稳健设计的理论基础，为解决天线罩不确定性因素的影响问题提供了新思路。