无线传感器网络的负载均衡策略研究

The primary challenge for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to prolong the network lifetime. As one of the key technologies for lengthening the lifetime, load balancing needs further research since there still exist many unresolved issues about its related strategies. Based on our preliminary studies and considering both the theoretical model and the actual environment, this project is dedicated to solving many crucial problems of load balancing in WSNs by carrying out the following innovative research: (1) creating a new network model based on minimizing the total energy consumption, providing a new modeling method and theoretical proof on its rationality, and thus setting up theoretical basis for load balancing; (2) exploring a new clustering scheme based on the global energy-saving model, finding a new modeling method and theoretical proof on its rationality, and thus achieving load balancing in theoretical models; (3) studying the balancing issues of monitoring tasks in node deployment, designing a new deployment algorithm with multiple load balancing strategies, and thus supplying preconditions for load balancing; and (4) searching for multiple key factors of load balancing in routing algorithms, designing a new clustering routing algorithm with multiple load balancing factors, and thus satisfying the data transmission requirements of practical application.

延长网络生命周期是无线传感器网络面临的首要挑战。负载均衡是延长无线传感器网络生命周期的关键技术之一。无线传感器网络的负载均衡策略当前存在诸多重要问题尚未解决，因而需要进一步研究。本项目拟根据我们的研究基础，从理论模型和实际环境出发，致力于解决无线传感器网络负载均衡的诸多重要问题而开展如下创新研究：（1）构建基于全局能量消耗最小化的网络模型，提供新型建模方法及其合理性的理论证明，为负载均衡提供理论基础；（2）探索基于全局节能模型的分簇模式，提供新型建模方法及其合理性的理论证明，实现理论模型下的负载均衡；（3）研究节点部署的监控任务均衡问题，设计多种负载均衡策略融合的节点部署算法，为负载均衡提供前期条件；（4）探讨路由算法的多种重要因素，设计基于多种重要均衡因素的分簇路由算法，满足数据传输的实际应用需求。

延长网络生命周期是无线传感器网络面临的首要挑战。负载均衡是延长无线传感器网络生命周期的关键技术之一。本项目主要解决无线传感器网络在负载均衡方面存在的问题，并着重从数据传输和节点部署两方面设计了新型负载均衡方法，显著提高系统寿命。本项目的具体贡献如下：（1）总结基于功率控制的无线传感器网络路由协议，指出未来发展方向，撰写专著章节一章。（2）总结无线传感器网络的非典型分簇技术特征，指出未来发展方向，发表综述论文1篇。（3）总结基于蚁群算法的无线传感器网络路由方法，指出未来发展方向，发表综述论文1篇。（4）提出多种基于负载均衡的无线传感器网络传输方法，重点在于实现能量效率和能量均衡统一，发表论文5篇。（5）提出多种基于负载均衡的无线传感器网络部署方法，重点在于实现部署代价减小和节点能耗均衡，发表论文6篇。本项目总结了无线传感器网络的负载均衡现状，并提出多种具体应对措施，对无线传感器网络的发展和普及提供科学依据和重要参考。