基于人工材料的新型低剖面可重构扫描天线关键技术研究

With the ever growing interests in the development of pervasive, multi-functional and self-adaptive wireless systems in the future, there emerges an urgent demand for developing low cost, low profile, reconfigurable beam scanning antennas. The proposed project plans to introduce the configurable metamaterial reflective surface into the rectangular waveguide leaky wave antenna techniques, such that two critical demands, namely the reconfigurability and the beam scanning capability, can be achieved. There are two critical problems need to be addressed: Firstly, how to control the rectangular waveguide propagation dispersion properties and ultimately the leaky wave antenna radiation properties by using a reconfigurable reflective metamaterial surface integrated in the waveguide; secondly, how to restore the balance of the composite left/right handed waveguide such that the backward to forward scanning can be obtained in a wide frequency range. The proposed project aims to build up a relating map between the tuning parameters of the reflective metamaterial surface and the radiation characteristics, and ultimately to realize fixed frequency beam scanning, working frequency reconfigurable and beam width reconfiguration. With the effort of this proposed project, it will not only provide the enabling techniques for the future multi-functional and self-adaptive wireless system, but also enrich the application of metamaterial surface and its design methodology.

为适应未来无线系统（包括无线通信系统和雷达系统）泛在化，多功能化和自适应环境性的要求，迫切需要低成本低剖面的具有可重构（reconfigurable）能力的波束扫描天线。本申请课题拟采用在矩形波导漏波天线中引入可重构人工材料反射面技术，预期实现天线可重构和波束扫描两大关键特性需求。本申请课题拟解决两个关键问题，一是如何运用集成在矩形波导窄壁上的可电调反射表面进行波导传输色散特性调控，以及对于漏波天线辐射特性的调控。二是如何实现复合左右手传输特性的平衡性动态可调，以实现漏波天线在较宽频率范围内实现覆盖前后向的全平面波束扫描。本课题将建立可调控反射表面调控参数与漏波天线辐射特性的依赖关系，实现天线定频率波束扫描，工作频率动态调控等功能。本申请课题的研究，既为未来无线系统的多功能化和自适应化准备了关键技术，也将拓展可重构人工材料反射面技术的应用并丰富其设计方法。

人工电磁材料因其具有可设计的电磁特性而在天线，雷达等无线系统应用中有广泛的应用潜力。本项目研究利用人工电磁材料电磁波调控能力进行低剖面扫描天线设计的关键技术。本项目首先开展了基于复合左右手传输结构的电路参数提取方法研究，提出了计入周期单元边缘耦合效应的电路结构模型，建立了等效电路结构参数准确快速提取的有效方法，降低了周期结构电路参数计算复杂度。以此为基础，建立了周期结构电路优化设计方法，并设计了波束扫描漏波天线；然后提出了基于人工电磁表面材料的矩形波导结构，并建立了传输特性与人工电磁阻抗面特性的依赖关系，研究了基于人工电磁表面的波导传输特性重构方法；最后开展了基于特性可调人工电磁表面进行漏波天线辐射特性调控的研究。同时，项目还开展了人工电磁材料设计方法和反射特性研究，以及以人工电磁表面阻抗为基础的表面波结构漏波天线设计与分析。本项目研究了利用复合左右手传输结构，人工电磁阻抗表面进行波束调控的机理和设计方法，丰富了人工电磁材料的设计与应用。