面向负载跟踪的外重整固体氧化物燃料电池系统热管理与高效率协同控制研究

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system is a clean and high efficiency device, the control strategy of maintaining temperature constraints and improving system efficiency while SOFC system conducting fast load tracking is crucial for the long-life operation and high efficiency output of system. To this end, an integrated thermoelectricity coupled distributed mechanism model of a steam reformer integrated SOFC system (SR-SOFC) should be constructed and validated according to a prototype system. By employing a novel ‘grading dimension reduction traversal map’ method, a methodology system can be established for the static and dynamic characteristics analysis of system aiming at ‘load following oriented temperature constraints safe and high system efficiency’, then the static optimal operation strategy (OOS) is obtained and the optimization mechanism of system efficiency can be explored. Based on the framework of “TS online fuzzy model based constrained generalized predictive control (TS-CGPC)” algorithm and OOS, a load following feedback and temperature constraints feed forward control strategy is proposed to realize the smooth, quickly switchover among the optimal operation points and achieve system long-life operation and high efficiency output. In order to realize system fast load following capability and quick calculations of system predictive outputs and constrained inputs, the ‘power reference trajectory, TS fuzzy model and Lagrange multiplication operator method’ are adopted for the controller design. Finally, the controller can be validated and improved by the prototype system. In this project, an engineering application oriented control method is proposed for the “fast load following, thermal management and high efficiency” cooperative control of a SOFC system, which can lay theoretical foundation for the realization of high efficiency and long-life operation of an independent SOFC power system.

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）系统是清洁、高效的发电装置，要实现SOFC系统长寿命、高效率地运行，需要解决快速负载跟踪下，系统温度安全与效率优化的协同控制问题。为此，本项目以外重整SOFC系统样机为依据，搭建并验证完整的系统分布式热电耦合机理模型；基于“分级降维图谱遍历”方法，构建面向功率跟踪的温度约束安全、效率优化动静态特性分析方法体系，获取稳态最优操作策略，探索系统效率优化机制。采用“在线TS模糊模型约束广义预测控制（TS-CGPC）”架构与最优操作策略提出功率跟踪反馈与温度约束前馈控制策略，利用功率参考轨迹、TS模糊模型与拉格朗日乘算子法快速完成系统的功率跟踪、输出预测与输入约束，平滑过渡到稳态最优操作点，实现系统长寿命、高效率的运行，最后用实验平台验证。本项目面向工程应用形成快速功率跟踪下，热管理与高效率的协同控制方法，为实现SOFC独立发电系统高效率、长寿命运行提供理论依据。

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)系统是清洁、高效的发电装置，要实现SOFC系统长寿命、高效率地运行，需要解决快速负载跟踪下,系统温度安全与效率优化的协同控制问题。为此，本项目从系统的热电耦合机理建模、系统动静态响应特性分析、多约束下的系统性能优化与热电协同控制策略设计几方面展开了深入的研究，获得了以下重要的结论与成果：1）以外重整SOFC系统样机为依据，利用化学动力学及物理守恒定律搭建了完整的系统分布式热电耦合机理模型，并采用1kW系统实验获得的大量实验数据进行系统级的验证，系统模型与实际样机在相同的输入条件下，获得的输出趋势一致，误差在允许范围之内。为SOFC系统的控制研究提供了可参考的重要工具；2）基于“分级降维图谱遍历”方法，逐级优化分析系统性能，并进行数学化表征，构建了面向功率跟踪的温度约束安全、效率优化动静态特性分析方法体系，获取了全功率范围内的稳态最优操作策略；探索了系统效率优化机制，发现了旁路阀在高功率阶段能够提高系统效率达5%以上，最优操作点切换对潜在温度波动的抑制作用。3）采用“在线TS模糊模型约束广义预测控制 (TS-CGPC)”架构与最优操作策略提出了功率跟踪反馈与温度约束前馈控制策略，利用功率参考轨迹、TS模糊模型与拉格朗日乘算子法快速完成了系统的功率跟踪（1kW切换10秒以内）、输出预测与输入约束（温度约束安全，无燃料亏空），平滑过渡到稳态最优操作点，实现了系统高性能、高效率的运行。4）在5kW系统测试上验证了系统能够在系统效率达到42%以上，最高达到53%。本项目面向工程应用形成快速功率跟踪下，热管理与高效率的协同控制方法，为实现SOFC独立发电系统高效率、长寿命运行提供理论依据。