中国青藏高原岩蜥属物种多样性研究

The Tibetan Plateau, known as ‘‘the roof of the world”, occupied about one quarter of the Chinese land area, is a very important area geographically. The species of the rock agamid genus Laudakia should widely distributed at the borders of the Plateau, and should deserve its due attention. But there are some problems concerning distribution and taxonomy waiting to be solved, due to the hardship of field work, rock agamid active agility and difficulty to capture, etc. There are many areas did not be investigated (e.g. the west, southwest, north borders of the Plateau). Specific distribution sites of some species are not very clear. Less specimen are available. Descriptions of some species are not complete, etc. We had developed the method of “Long pole with loop”, could quickly and easily capture the living rock agamid. We plan to conduct investigation in the whole Plateau, combining the morphological and genomic level molecular data, to conduct the principal component, phylogenomics, species delimitation, population genetics, phylogeographic analyses. We try to clarify the distribution and species diversity of rock agamid in the Tibetan Plateau.

青藏高原被称为“世界屋脊”，面积占我国陆地面积的四分之一，地理位置异常重要。岩蜥属物种应该广泛分布于高原南、西、北缘，应当受到足够的重视，但由于高原野外考察困难，岩蜥活动敏捷，标本不易捕获等原因，目前岩蜥属的分布和分类学中若干问题尚待解决。很多区域没有被调查（高原西缘、西南缘、北缘），具体分布情况不甚清楚，标本较少，物种描述不全，等。我们首创的“长杆活套”法可快速方便地捕捉活体岩蜥，标本毫无损伤。本申请在前期研究的基础上，拟对整个青藏高原进行岩蜥属野外考察（多数活体取尾尖组织后现场放生，少数代表性个体制成标本）。结合形态、基因组水平分子数据，进行主成分分析、系统发育基因组学分析、物种界定、种群遗传、分子系统地理学分析。尝试基本弄清青藏高原岩蜥属分布情况和物种多样性问题。

按计划在青藏高原及周边区域（邻近的新疆地区）开展野外考察。新疆岩蜥在中国是否有分布？尚不能确定。塔里木岩蜥没有被发现，很可能是无效种。那曲、双湖、八宿、芒康及周边没有发现有岩蜥分布。本项目以非（微）损伤取样方法为主，共补充了岩蜥属样品150余个，着重补充了墨脱800米海拔和拉萨周边3900米海拔的岩蜥样品。境外学者赠与中亚、西亚样品20余个。发表论文5篇，其中SCI论文4篇。培养博士1名，硕士3名，他们的毕业论文皆与本项目密切相关。已基本完成300余份样品的基因富集实验和低、高海拔样品的全基因组实验。等分子实验完成后可撰写论文：岩蜥属高原适应比较基因组学、岩蜥属环状物种形成机制研究、中国岩蜥属物种多样性研究等。