日遗在华化武毒剂的环境风险评价与处置

Chemical Warfare agents(CWAs)have long seriously imperiled world environment peace and human beings' lives and health since they came into world.According to 《Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction》,Each State Party to this Convention undertakes never under any circumstances: To develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile or retain chemical weapons, or transfer, directly or indirectly, chemical weapons to anyone.There are many basic problems in the respect of environment needed to be studied in order to eliminate the potential hazard to humman beings and enviroment came from CWAs.For example,the environment uptake and UV-Photooxidation of Gas-Phase CWAs on the Surface of Atmospheric Water Filmsand oxv-hydrogen combustion mechanism of CWAs have much important scientific directive sense on CWAs analysis and reasonable environmental impact assessment.In this reaserch,we aim at the weak link of CWAs on atmospheric environmental effects of the world.We are going to take advantage of shock tube technique to measure pyrogenic decomposition kinetics of two typical vesicant CWAs (mustard and Lewisite) abandoned in China by Japan.Next,We are going to take advantage of flow-tube photoreactor to measure Henry constants and uptake and UV-Photooxidation of Gas-Phase CWAs on the Surface of Atmospheric Water (ice) Films and study their photolysis rates and mechanism of photodegradation in environment atomophere.Quantum chemistry calculation method will also be used to assitant them test results what we attain.The goals of our work are two: the atmospheric lifetime of CWAs and the possible environment hazards of CWAs photolysis products under the extreme environmental condition.This work will provide the scientific basis for environmental risk assessment and environmental pollution control in contaminated site by CWAs.

本项目针对国际上在化武毒剂的大气环境影响方面的薄弱研究环节，研究测定三种典型的日本遗弃在华化武毒剂（芥子气、路易氏剂和苯氯乙酮）在天然水中气液、气固平衡转换机制，以及它们的高温裂解产物和反应速率常数，并辅以量化计算加以验证。目的是认识化武毒剂的在极端环境下的大气存留寿命以及其降解产物可能的环境危害，为化学武器污染现场的环境风险评价及环境治理提供科学依据。

本项目针对国际上在化武毒剂的大气环境影响方面的薄弱研究环节，研究测定三种典型的 日本遗弃在华化武毒剂在天然水中气液、气固平衡转换机制 ，以及它们的高温裂解产物和反应速率常数，并辅以量化计算加以验证。目的是认识化武毒剂的在极端环境下的大气存留寿命以及其降解产物可能的环境危害，为化学武器污染现场的环境 .风险评价及环境治理提供科学依据。