新疆鹅喉羚（Gazella subgutturosa）的保护遗传学研究

Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) is an important economic ungulates that live in the Eurasian continental desert and semi-desert areas. Affected by factors of human and climate change, the habitat of gazelle is degraded and reduced. In addition, extensive hunting lead to the sharp decrease in gazella globally population and it has been included on Red List of the International Union of Conservation Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the China Red Data Book as an "vulnerable species". Therefore, there is an urgent need for greater understanding of the genetic structure and diversity of gazelle population and its conservation strategy. This project intends to use ecological niche models and 3S techniques, to identify the driving factors that change the population-resources of the populations (Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin, Kumul Basin of Xinjiang) of goitered gazelle and the regularity of dynamic changes. Goitered gazelle Fecal samples are collected to estimate the level of gene flow between groups of goitered gazelle based on mtDNA and microsatellite markers; discuss genetic differentiation and molecular phylogeny of the relationship; to understand the inhibition and effects of geographical barriers such as mountains, deserts and rivers towards the gene flow between groups of goitred gazelle; discuss the goose gazelle geographical isolation, population differentiation and the influences of climate changes on the goose gazelle population history and genetic diversity. Suggestions on the current resources protection, sustainable utilization scheme and technical measures were made.At the same time this project will lay a foundation for the study of subspecies genetic differentiation of goitered gazelle. The project is distinctive and representative due to the advanced research methods and the selection of the typical target area. So the research results would have a great scientific significance to the development of desert animals as well as it`s effective protection.

鹅喉羚是亚欧大陆荒漠、半荒漠地区重要的有蹄类动物。由于人为因素的影响，栖息地恶化、分布区缩小，导致全球范围内种群数量急剧锐减，被IUCN和中国红皮书列为易危种。因此，开展鹅喉羚保护遗传学的研究当务之急。本项目拟利用生态位模型和3S技术，进行新疆鹅喉羚潜在生境预测，弄清影响鹅喉羚种群资源变化的主导驱动因子及动态变化规律；收集鹅喉羚样品（各种群100份粪便），利用线粒体、微卫星DNA等遗传标记，对各种群间的基因流水平进行估算；探讨该群体遗传结构，遗传多样性，地理隔离与遗传分化问题；了解高山、沙漠和河流等地理屏障对鹅喉羚群体间基因流的阻碍作用及效应、种群历史及遗传多样性产生的影响，为鹅喉羚种群保护单元的确定和保护对策的制定提供科学依据。同时为鹅喉羚在我国亚种划分问题打下研究基础。本项目由于研究手段先进及选择靶区典型，富有特色和代表意义，故取得的成果将对荒漠动物生物多样性保护有重要科学意义。

鹅喉羚是亚欧大陆荒漠、半荒漠地区重要的有蹄类动物。由于人为因素的影响，栖息地恶化、分布区缩小，导致全球范围内种群数量锐减，被IUCN和中国红皮书列为易危种。因此，开展鹅喉羚保护遗传学的研究是当务之急。1、种群遗传结构及遗传多样性研究：利用线粒体、微卫星DNA等遗传标记，分析鹅喉羚各地理种群的遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传分化，进一步探讨种内地理分布的历史成因、生境变化对鹅喉羚种群资源的繁衍存续产生的潜在影响；2、基于生态位模型的鹅喉羚空间分布：采用生态位模型和 3S技术，进行新疆鹅喉羚潜在生境预测，确定地理空间分布，明晰影响生存的主要生态环境因子，探讨鹅喉羚栖息地与人类经济活动的关系、环境的自然演变和人类经济活动对鹅喉羚种群的影响，探索生境变化对种群资源影响研究提供新思路，并提供信息共享平台服务；3、环境因子对鹅喉羚遗传多样性的影响：以mtDNA的Cytb与D-loop基因标记，应用统计学软件SPSS19.0及生态学软件Canoco4.5探讨了鹅喉羚遗传多样性与环境因子的关系，并为鹅喉羚种群保护单元的确定和相关保护对策的制定提供科学依据。