高地震烈度高寒地区尾矿坝水力耦合作用下动力失稳机制研究

Considering that the tailings dam widely distributed in high earthquake possibility, high earthquake intensity and cold regions as Yunnan and Tibet of China, and there are numbers of weak, near, dangerous tailings dam which actually have very height of the dams, large reservoir storage capacity, severe consequence after wrecked. This project based on viscoelasticity theory, nonlinear elastic theory, hydraulic-mechanical coupling theory, soil mechanics, dynamics soil theory, physical and mechanical properties test of tailings, in light of the idea as "Medium - Hydraulic coupling system - The whole performance", combining theory, experiment with numerical simulation, and combining positive analysis with inversion deduction method, study on dynamic instability mechanism under the hydraulic-mechanical coupled action of tailings dam in high seismic intensity and cold regions. This project study first mainly on media deposition pattern, unsaturated-saturated physical mechanics properties and the dynamic deformation characters under the impact of hydraulic-mechanical coupling. Then on the consolidation pattern of tailings, the interaction between water and soil, the seepage and consolidation mechanism of the tailings dam by the action of hydraulic-mechanical coupling and fine particle in cold environment. Moreover, the features of tailings dam under hydraulic-mechanical coupling in cold environment as dynamic strength, vibration liquefaction, the constitutive relation of coupling dynamic, dynamic instability, etc. also studied carefully. As a result, the dynamic instability mechanism of tailings dam based on medium characteristics and hydraulic-mechanical coupling system are studied comprehensively, that provide certain theoretical support and application foundation for tailings dam in high seismic intensity and cold region.

针对我国云南和西藏等地震多发、高地震烈度、高寒地区内尾矿坝分布广，病、险、危尾矿库数量较多，尾矿坝坝高、库容大、失事后果严重的实际。本项目基于粘弹性、非线性弹性、水力耦合理论、土力学、土动力学原理以及尾矿物理力学性能测试实验，按照"介质-水力耦合体系-整体性能"的思路，采用理论、实验和数值模拟相结合、正分析和反演分析相结合等方法，开展高地震烈度高寒地区尾矿坝水力耦合作用下动力失稳机制研究。主要研究水力耦合作用下以及低温环境下尾矿介质沉积规律、非饱和-饱和物理力学及动力变形特性；低温环境水力耦合与细颗粒作用下尾矿固结模式、水土交互作用、尾矿坝的渗流及固结机理；低温环境水力耦合作用下尾矿坝动强度、振动液化、耦合动力本构关系、动力失稳等内容。旨在研究基于尾矿介质特性和尾矿坝水力耦合体系的尾矿坝动力失稳机制，为高地震烈度高寒地区尾矿坝抗震研究提供一定理论支撑及应用基础。

国家自然科学基金项目“高地震烈度高寒地区尾矿坝水力耦合作用下动力失稳机制研究”（No.51264037）为地区基金项目，2012年立项，研究时段为2013年1月至2016年12月。项目主要针对我国云南和西藏等地震多发、高地震烈度、高寒地区内尾矿坝分布广，病、险、危尾矿库数量较多，尾矿坝坝高、库容大、失事后果严重的实际，研究水力耦合作用下以及低温环境下基于尾矿介质特性和尾矿坝水力耦合体系的尾矿坝动力失稳机制。截至目前，项目组按既定研究计划完成了研究任务，达到预期目标。本项目完成了水力耦合作用下以及低温环境下尾矿介质沉积规律、非饱和-饱和物理力学及动力变形特性；低温环境水力耦合与细颗粒作用下尾矿固结模式、水土交互作用、尾矿坝的渗流及固结机理；低温环境水力耦合作用下尾矿坝动强度、振动液化、耦合动力本构关系、动力失稳机制等研究内容。项目研究共发表学术论文21篇，其中SCI检索5篇、EI检索7篇，所发表SCI收录论文总影响因子11.279，被他引16次；获云南省科技进步二等奖1项；申请专利5项，获发明专利授权1项、实用新型专利授权2项；获准后续国家级科研项目1项；实现经济效益1876万元；培养硕士生17名（8人已毕业）；主要成员4人晋升职称。项目重点解决了2个关键技术问题：（1）研究提出了水力耦合、细颗粒作用以及低温环境下尾矿渗流固结及渗流稳定机理；（2）研究提出了基于尾矿介质特性和尾矿坝水力耦合体系的尾矿坝动力稳定机理，建立了低温环境水力耦合作用下尾矿坝的耦合动力学模型。项目在尾矿坝流固耦合动力稳定性机理研究、尾矿水土特征曲线反演以及尾矿坝溃坝机制研究方面有一定创新、科学研究和推广应用价值。