静电场中导体球间相互作用随时间改变的机制及空间离子动力学研究

this work is based on the mechanism of the interacton between dispersed particles in electrorhological fluid. The experiment study finished already shows that the interaction betwwen two conducting spheres in an applied electrostatic field does not agree with the theoretical prediction. Using the method of multiple image charges, the conducting spheres which features of interaction induced by electric fields are similar with dielectric spheres will be analyzed. The features of interaction between two conducting spheres induced by electric fields and the corresponding factors will be given out, and the physics model to describe the phenomenon that interacton between two conducting spheres in an electrostatic field varies will be built. The mechanism how space ions change the interaction, the changing law and the dynamics of space ions will be all studied. By improving the experiment instrument, the law of interaction between conducting spheres induced by electrostatic field will be measured. The hypothesis put forward in this work that the transfer and accumulation on spheres of ions can change interaction may be proved. The multiple image method is to developed theoreticall and technically. The method developed may calculate the distribution of electric strength and the interaction of two conducting spheres with charges or with same electric potential, so that it can be used to calculate the cases in designed experiment. This study give a possibility to reveal the laws of space ions transfering and the mechanism how space ions change the interaction.

以电流变液体系中分散介质间相互作用机理为研究背景，以前期实验研究发现的"静电场中导体球间相互作用与理论预测不一致"的新现象为研究基础，以发展了的多重镜像法为理论工具，选取与具有高电容率介质球极化相互作用特性类似的导体球为研究对象，研究两个导体球间电场诱导相互作用的特性以及影响该相互作用的相关因素，建立能够解释"静电场中导体球间相互作用随时间改变"的物理模型，给出空间离子对相互作用影响的原理、规律以及空间离子的动力学机制。实验上通过改进实验平台，系统的给出静电场中导体球间相互的规律，证实"空间离子迁移并在球上积聚改变球间电场诱导相互作用"的假说；理论上深入发展多重镜像法，可以计算外电场中带电导体球、等电势导体球等体系的电场分布及相互作用，并用该方法来计算对应的实验体系，揭示空间离子的迁移规律及改变导体球间电场诱导相互作用的物理机制。

该项目研究工作主要是为了研究小球间电场诱导相互作用力，有助于理解电流变液中分散颗粒间的相互作用机制。尤其是前期实验工作发现在静电场中小球间的相互作用随时间改变，长期未能从理论上得以解释。首先从实验上证实具有高介电常数的介质球间的电场诱导相互作用与金属球间的电场诱导相互作用几乎完全相同，为理论上从导体球间相互作用开展理论计算奠定了实验支撑。通过全新的实验设计，测量了等电势导体间电场诱导相互作用的规律。系统测量了静电场中导体球间电场诱导相互作用随时间变化的规律。通过发展了的多重镜象法，从理论上计算了等电势导体球间电场诱导相互作用，并与实验数据对比，证实等电势导体球在外电场中表现为排斥力，且随电场强度增加。通过多重镜象法计算带电导体球间的相互作用，对可能造成静电场中电场诱导相互作用力随时间发生变化的三种机制，分别开展理论计算，发现其原因并不是最初设想的空间离子的迁移和积聚引起的，而是由于固定金属球的微量电导导致的金属球带电引起的。从而从理论上解释并澄清了这一实验现象，并且能够给出定量分析。该项目工作建立了全新的能够分析等电势体系电场及力学分析的多重镜象法理论，通过对带电导体球的理论和实验研究，证实在电流变液体系中，颗粒带电很可能对电流变液力学性能有根本性的影响。