变化环境荷载作用下高拱坝空间变形监控模型与性态诊断方法研究

China has built a number of high arch dams. Due to high dam height, large reservoir and complex geological condition, the measured deformation law of several dams entering the impoundment and operation period is beyond the existing engineering experience. Meanwhile, the high-intensity and high-frequency extreme weather disasters caused by global climate change will also directly affect the deformation behavior of high arch dams. The research on deformation safety monitoring of high arch dams under changing environment and load conditions cannot meet the needs of engineering practice. Changed environment and load conditions such as fluctuating reservoir water level, long-term valley deformation and extreme weather disasters will be emphasized in this research. Through field test and numerical simulation, the deformation mechanism of high arch dams under changed environment and load conditions will be clarified, and the nonlinear evolution mechanism of the spatial deformation during the failure process of high arch dam-foundation systems will be revealed. Considering the changed environment and load factors, the traditional single-point safety monitoring model will be improved, and the spatial safety monitoring model will also be established. According to the relationship between spatial deformation and overall stability safety factor, the critical control points will be determined, and the third grade monitoring indicators will be refined. A direct behavior diagnosis method for high arch dam-foundation systems based on the deformation monitoring data will finally proposed. The research results will help to promote the development of the dam safety monitoring field, and provide technical supports for the safety management of high arch dams to further ensure their long-term safe operation in our country.

我国已建了一批高拱坝，由于坝高、库大、地质条件复杂，多座进入蓄水运行期的大坝的实测变形规律超出了现有工程经验。同时，全球气候变化引起的高强、高频极端气象灾害事件也将直接影响高拱坝的变形性态。变化环境荷载作用下高拱坝变形安全监控的研究还不能满足工程实践的需求。本项目考虑库水位变动、谷幅长期变形、极端气象灾害事件等变化环境、荷载作用，通过现场试验和数值模拟，阐明高拱坝在变化环境、荷载作用下的变形机制，揭示高拱坝—坝基系统渐进破坏过程中空间变形的非线性演变机理。考虑变化环境、荷载因子，改进高拱坝变形的传统单测点安全监控模型，建立分区安全监控模型。依据空间变形和整体稳定安全系数的关系，确定关键控制点，细化变形第三级监控指标，提出基于变形监测数据的高拱坝—坝基系统性态直接诊断方法。研究成果将有助于推动大坝安全监控领域的发展，为我国高拱坝的安全管理提供技术支撑，进一步保障高拱坝的长效安全运行。

我国已建了一批高拱坝，由于坝高、库大、地质条件复杂，多座进入蓄水运行期的大坝的实测变形规律超出了现有工程经验。同时，全球气候变化引起的高强、高频极端气象灾害事件也将直接影响高拱坝的变形性态。变化环境荷载作用下高拱坝变形安全监控的研究还不能满足工程实践的需求。本项目考虑库水位变动、谷幅长期变形、极端气象灾害事件等变化环境、荷载作用，通过现场试验和数值模拟，阐明了高拱坝在变化环境、荷载作用下的变形机制。考虑变化环境、荷载因子，改进了高拱坝变形的传统单测点安全监控模型；建立了分区安全监控模型，进一步对变形进行分解，构建了改进的分区按监控模型。依据环境荷载与变形的关系，确定关键控制点，提出了基于变形监测数据高拱坝变形性态的直接诊断方法。研究成果将有助于推动大坝安全监控领域的发展，为我国高拱坝的安全管理提供技术支撑，进一步保障高拱坝的长效安全运行。