氢基质生物膜反应器生物膜富集特性及CO2动态调控机理研究

Biofilm overgrowth (excess thickness) and membrane fouling are problems occurred in applications of hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) have to be settled urgently. How to control the biofilm accumulation becomes a key to long-term operation of reactor. This project aims at analyze exterior morphology, physicochemical composition and micro structure (micro ecological structure and micro spatial structure) of the biofilm, to characterize the biofilm enrichment characteristics. Process dynamics of mineral ions precipitation under conditions of CO2 regulating pH and alkalinity will be conducted to reveal the formation characteristics of mineral ions sediment and its interaction and response mechanism with pH, alkalinity and denitrification. Effect of CO2 on exterior morphology and characteristics of micro spatial structure will be investigated to create a quantitative mathematical expression of micro spatial structure parameters and gas-pollutants diffusion in biofilm, and further to clear the dynamic regulation mechanism of biofilm exterior morphology and micro spatial structure using CO2. Based on the succession of microbial population structure and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, the inherent relation between reactor removal performance and micro ecological structure will be explained. Finally, the development control mechanism of biofilm accumulation by CO2 diffusion and utilization will be revealed, and mathematical model or method matched to reactor removal efficiency and stability of pollutants is eventually established. The results achieved in this study will provide a powerful theoretical support for the long-term operation of MBfR.

生物膜过度生长（过厚）和膜污染问题是氢基质生物膜反应器（MBfR）应用过程中亟待解决的课题。如何调控生物膜富集成为反应器长效运行的关键。本项目旨在对MBfR生物膜外观形态、理化成分、微观结构（微生态结构和微空间结构）进行解析，表征生物膜富集特性；推导CO2调控pH及碱度下矿物离子沉淀过程动力学，揭示矿物离子沉淀物的形成特性及其与pH、碱度、反硝化过程的交互作用与响应机制；考察CO2对生物膜外观形态及微空间结构形貌特征的影响，建立微空间结构特征参数与气体-污染物扩散的定量数学表达，明确CO2对生物膜外观形态及微空间结构动态调控的作用机制；基于微生物种群结构演替规律及时空分布特征，理清反应器去除性能与微生态结构变化的内在联系，最终明确CO2扩散和利用对生物膜富集过程的调控机理，建立与反应器污染物去除性能效率性和稳定性匹配的动态调控数学模型及模式，为MBfR工艺长效运行提供有力的理论支撑。

“碳达峰”、“碳中和”国家战略背景下污水处理排放的CO2不再是问题而是机遇。如何高效稳定化利用CO2协同污染物去除是污水处理实现碳中和的重要途径。氢基质生物膜反应器（MBfR）是一种同步利用H2/CO2实现有毒有害污染物净化的新型处理技术，也对低碳氮比城市废水深度脱氮带来契机。然而生物膜过度生长（过厚）和膜污染问题是MBfR应用过程中亟待解决的课题。如何调控生物膜富集成为反应器长效运行的关键。本项目旨在对MBfR生物膜外观形态、理化成分、微观结构（微生态结构和微空间结构）进行解析，表征生物膜富集特性；推导了CO2调控pH及碱度下矿物离子沉淀过程动力学，揭示了矿物离子沉淀物的形成特性及其与pH、碱度、反硝化过程的交互作用与响应机制；考察了CO2对生物膜外观形态及微空间结构形貌特征的影响，建立了微空间结构特征参数与气体-污染物扩散的定量数学表达，明确了CO2对生物膜外观形态及微空间结构动态调控的作用机制；基于微生物种群结构演替规律及时空分布特征，理清了反应器去除性能与微生态结构变化的内在联系，最终探明了CO2扩散和利用对生物膜富集过程的调控机理，建立了与反应器污染物去除性能效率性和稳定性匹配的动态调控数学模型及模式，可为MBfR工艺长效运行提供有力的理论支撑。