单一厌氧反应器中电子供体变化下反硝化与甲烷化的竞争和耦合机理研究

To realize simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis (SDM) in a single anaerobic reactor can simplify wastewater treatment process to remove organic matter and nitrogen in wastewater and meanwhile energy will be produced. The goal of this subject is to construct a system with SDM in a single anaerobic reactor in order to obtain a favorable ration of COD/NO3- - N. The interaction between the SDM under change of the electron donor will be studied by using stoichiometry and thermodynamics theory along with analyzing the key enzyme activity of methane production in SMD system.Thus optimization of electron stream component in SDM is to be realized. By applying molecular biology technology such as function gene analysis and RTQ-PCR is to reveal the dynamics changes of the microbial functional group during the formation of anaerobic granular sludge in SDM system. Furthermore, the competition and coupling mechanism between the SDM is to be elucidated for providing the theory instruction and technical support of the practical application of SDM technologies. .The main research contents are as follows: (1) the construction of SDM in a simple anaerobic reactor; (2) the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the important function microbes in SDM system; (3) to study the competitive role between the SMD; (4) to study the electron stream component of SDM research; (5) to study control strategy of the reactor with SDM.

在单一厌氧反应器内实现产甲烷同时反硝化，会简化废水处理工艺流程，达到去除废水中有机物和氮素的同时又能产生能源的目的。本课题通过构建单一厌氧反应器中反硝化同时甲烷化（SDM）体系，获取更合适的COD/NO3-N；运用化学计量学和热力学原理结合SDM体系中甲烷化过程关键酶活性的分析，研究电子供体变化下反硝化和甲烷化间的相互作用，实现反硝化和甲烷化各自电子流分量的优化；采用分子生物学技术（如功能基因分析、RTQ-PCR）揭示反硝化甲烷化厌氧颗粒污泥形成过程中重要微生物功能群变化的动力学；据此阐明反硝化与甲烷化间的竞争和耦合机理，为SDM技术的实际应用提供理论和技术指导。主要研究内容包括：（1）单一厌氧反应器中反硝化同时甲烷化系统的构建；（2）SDM体系中重要功能菌群的定性和定量解析；（3）反硝化与甲烷化竞争性作用研究；（4）SDM过程的电子流分量研究；（5）反硝化甲烷化反应器工艺调控策略研究。

本课题成功地在单一厌氧反应器中构建起了反硝化同时甲烷化（SDM）体系；研究了电子供体变化下反硝化和甲烷化间的竞争和耦合机理，揭示了通过COD/ NO3--N 的控制能消除反硝化同时甲烷化系统中异化硝酸盐还原为铵作用；重点研究了氮氧化物对甲烷化的抑制作用机制，结果标明碳源限制引起了产甲烷古细菌种群结构的变化，而不是硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐的直接抑制。建立了能较好分析反硝化耦合甲烷化过程底物降解、竞争规律及反硝化中间产物对甲烷化的抑制作用，预测气体的累积产气量及各菌群生物量变化的反硝化耦合甲烷化的数学模型。系统研究了单一反应器中反硝化同时甲烷化的运行条件控制，对微生物功能群变化进行了定性和定量分析，为阐明反硝化与甲烷化间的竞争和耦合机理提供了新的理论依据。研究成果可应用于含硝态氮的有机废水中的COD和N去除。