老年人群消费需求驱动下冬季避寒旅游地生态适宜度研究

Consumers’ needs drive the creation of new products and new professions, and at the same time also give new meaning to winter resorts and bring a lot of opportunities of development for winter resort tourism in certain regions. In recent years, extreme weather conditions such as extreme cold, fog and haze，snow disasters and ice rain have affected our country greatly. Extreme weather conditions lead to many types of diseases such as respiratory problems, angiocardiopathy and diseases of the digestive tract, resulting in the increasing rates of sickness and death. Meanwhile, such problems as the aged tendency of Chinese population and dramatic increase in the energy consumption, air pollution and PM2.5 dust brought out by the heating system in north China bring great harm to people’s health. Therefore, winter resorts become an urgency now. Winter resort is a valuable resource for the tourism industry of the relatively underdeveloped Yunnan Province. They have many benefits such as low carbon, poverty alleviation, life prolonging and balancing seasonal variations. By taking Yunnnan --- the destination of winter resort tourism as an example, and the driving force of consumers’ needs as a sally port, this research is going to do the following things: discussing from many different aspects how to combine the rare climate resources of winter resort and the potentiality of ecological tourism development; demonstrating the ecological suitability of winter resort tourism; and analyzing how winter resort tourism can meet the consumers’ needs, especially the elderly’s needs for winter resort and has the advantages such as energy conservation, environment protection and low carbon. It would be conductive to our people as well as our country to build a scientific and effective index system for estimating the ecological suitability of winter resort tourism, improve the potentiality of winter resort resources, and provide an exercisable scientific theoretical foundation for constructing sustainable development of winter resorts.

避寒旅游新的消费需求驱动给避寒旅游目的地带来创新潜力与发展机遇。近年来，冬季严寒、雾霾、雪灾和冻雨等极端天气对我国影响极大。极端天气引发中老年呼吸道、心血管、消化道疾病，入院率与死亡率倍增。中国人口老龄化和北方冬季供暖的能耗、污染和PM2.5微尘等剧增，有害健康。中国呈现老年化带来避寒旅游需求剧增及其与避寒旅游地供应稀缺矛盾突出。为此，探讨避寒旅游地生态适宜度评价的理论和方法十分迫切和必要。本研究以冬季避寒旅游地西双版纳、临沧和德宏为案例点，以老年人群消费需求驱动力为突破口，从不同尺度讨论如何将稀缺的避寒气候资源与可持续生态旅游发展潜力相结合，实证避寒旅游生态适宜度评价指标体系，剖析避寒生态旅游在满足消费需求，尤其中老年避寒保健需求，发挥其节能环保、低碳生活的优势，提升避寒旅游资源潜力，为建设可持续发展的避寒旅游目的地提供可操作的科学理论依据，真正实现可持续生态避寒旅游。

当今中国已成为全球旅游业发展最快的地区，旅游市场非常活跃，云南省是旅游大省，旅游业已成为经济发展的支柱产业。云南省的西双版纳、昆明、瑞丽、临沧及红河州具有得天独厚的避寒旅游资源。而近年来我国冬季严寒、雾霾、雪灾和冻雨等极端天气导致老年人呼吸道、心血管等疾病频发，入院率与死亡率倍增。我国医疗卫生投资额已大大超出国家预算，据统计中国65岁以上老人年均医疗费用远超于其他年龄段的年均医疗费用。因此，每年老年人群所需的巨额医疗保险费用与养老费给社会与家庭带来了沉重的经济负担，老年人的身心健康与生活质量给中国的经济以及医疗保障带来了极大挑战。. 四年来课题组建立了专门研究团队，博览文献，编篡研究摘要，网上调查结合实地调研，试图建立理论模型和避寒旅游综合评价指标体系，取得阶段性成果。在基于“推—拉”模型上研究中国老年人群避寒旅游消费需求驱动力影响因子，已掌握了老年人群避寒消费需求的规律、特点，实证了消费需求驱动下西双版纳傣族生态文化与傣族村民生态环境意识对避寒旅游地的意义与作用，又基于AHP方法对避寒旅游地交通适宜度进行评价，筛选冬季避寒旅游人体舒适度指标研究昆明市避寒旅游气候舒适度对人体的健康影响，同时推进避寒旅游地生态适宜度综合指标要素的选取，探索与避寒旅游开发潜力的关联度；加强避寒旅游消费需求人群与避寒旅游地生态适宜度所形成地理空间关系的驱动力机制研究。. 在避寒旅游资源开发中借鉴生态适宜度的综合评价方法，从时间顺序与地理空间讨论如何将稀缺的避寒旅游资源与旅游者消费需求潜力、可持续发展理念相结合，进一步提升避寒旅游资源潜力与竞争力，推动避寒旅游地合理开发与保护，为建设可持续发展的避寒旅游目的地提供具有科学价值的理论依据。