星载多通道高分辨宽测绘带Staggered SAR-AMTI技术研究

The space-borne multi-channel high-resolution and wide-swath staggered Synthetic Aperture Radar-Air Moving Target Indication (SAR-AMTI) is with the capability of obtaining the high-resolution and wide-swath observation image for the earth surface and implementing the surveillance for the air moving target. However, the performance of clutter suppression is deteriorated by the non-uniform sampling in azimuth. In addition, the maneuver characteristics will aggravate the performance of air moving target indication and imaging. Hence, in this project, the echo model of the space-borne multi-channel high-resolution and wide-swath Staggered SAR-AMTI system will be constructed and several techniques will be employed to implement AMTI, i.e., channel mismatch calibration technique, electromagnetic scattering modeling, sub-aperture technique, time-frequency transform technique, space-time adaptive technique and array optimization design technique etc.. The keys of research are the clutter suppression approach based on non-linear transform and the air moving target detection and imaging technique based on Polynomial Fourier transform combined with Keystone transform. It is anticipative to make breaks for the clutter suppression under the non-uniform sampling in azimuth and the air maneuvering target detection and focusing.

星载多通道高分辨宽测绘带Staggered SAR-AMTI（Synthetic Aperture Radar-Air Moving Target Indication, SAR-AMTI）具备同时对地球表面进行高分辨宽测绘带成像及对空中目标进行广域监视能力。但方位时域非均匀采样对杂波抑制产生严重影响，且空中目标存在机动特性影响到目标检测和聚焦性能。为此，本项目拟在建立星载多通道高分辨宽测绘带Staggered SAR-AMTI回波模型基础上综合利用通道误差校正、电磁散射建模、子孔径、时频变换、空时自适应、阵列优化设计等技术对空中目标进行AMTI。项目重点研究基于非线性变标的杂波抑制技术及基于多项式傅里叶变换结合Keystone变换的空中目标检测成像技术。项目有望在方位时域非均匀采样情况下杂波抑制和空中机动目标检测聚焦等问题上取得突破。

结合新体制星载合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR）最新技术发展起来的星载多通道高分辨宽测绘带Staggered SAR-AMTI技术，可以在实现对地球表面进行高分辨宽测绘带成像观测的同时实现对空中目标进行广域监视能力。本项目以星载多通道高分辨宽测绘带Staggered SAR-AMTI技术为研究对象，针对系统不可避免地存在成像处理、杂波抑制、动目标检测及成像等核心问题，解决空间和时间非均匀采样情况下的SAR成像、杂波抑制及机动目标成像，实现对空中目标高分辨宽测绘带SAR-AMTI。项目在方位时域非均匀采样情况下Staggered SAR成像、杂波抑制和空中目标检测聚焦等问题上取得突破。