中国海洋红藻石花菜目分类及分子系统学研究

Gelidiales, a high quality of raw material for agar industry, are of economically important red seaweeds. China coast is rich in Gelidiales resources, and is one of the areas of high Gelidiales diversity worldwide. Recent morphological analysis combined with molecular data has greatly promoted the Gelidiales taxonomy. The families and genera within this order has been ascertained or revised, and the taxonomic status of many species has been updated. Our previous studies discovered and revised several taxonomic units of Gelidiales. However, Gelidiales taxonomic system and species diversity in China are still disputable. In this project, herbarium and fresh specimens were used to study the systematics, species diversity and geographical distribution of Chinese Gelidiales. Traditional taxonomic techniques including morphology, individual development and modern molecular analysis are employed in order to improve taxonomic resolution of Chinese Gelidiales. The completion of this project will not only further the knowledge of Gelidiales in China, but also provide a wealth of reference materials for the taxonomy and molecular study of the Gelidiales worldwide.

石花菜目海藻是一类重要的大型经济海藻，是琼胶工业的优质原料。我国石花菜目海藻资源丰富，是全球物种多样性最为丰富的地区之一。近年来，利用经典形态学结合分子系统学研究方法极大地促进了石花菜目分类学研究的发展，科级和属级分类阶元得到进一步确认或修订，许多物种的分类地位发生了变化。我们前期研究结果已经发现或修订了石花菜类群若干分类单元，但尚不能全面而清晰地认识我国石花菜目分类系统组成及其物种多样性状况。本项目拟利用中科院海洋生物标本馆馆藏标本，结合野外采集的新鲜标本，从形态学、个体发育学以及分子系统学多层面研究我国石花菜目分类系统、物种多样性及地理分布状况，提高我国石花菜目分类学研究精度。本项目的完成不仅会对我国石花菜目海藻资源有了进一步的清晰认识，同时也为国际上石花菜目分类及分子系统学研究提供丰富的参考资料。

我国石花菜目海藻物种多样性及其分类系统有待进一步阐明，本项目基于经典形态学和分子系统学研究方法对产于我国沿岸的石花菜类群做了系统性分析，鉴定并描述了石花菜目物种至少24种，划归于4科7属，修订了我国石花菜目分类系统并评估了我国石花菜目海藻多样性现状。发表了1个新种和2个新记录种，同时还发现了多个潜在新种和新纪录种，将于项目结题后陆续发表。在国内首次发现并描述了细毛石花菜雌配子体以及蓝色拟鸡毛菜雌雄同株的现象，探讨了拟鸡毛菜繁殖物候学特征，为进一步揭示拟鸡毛菜孢子体占主导的生物学现象提供了研究思路；在国际上首次描述了厚根藻属四分孢子囊及精子囊繁殖结构，修订了国际同行关于该属可能仅存在无性繁殖的推断，提出了钉状固着器变型用以补充描述石花菜类群形态特征的学术观点。本项目基本阐明了我国石花菜类群物种多样性现状，为以后合理开发利用提供了理论支撑，同时也为国际上石花菜目分类及分子系统学研究提供了丰富的参考资料。