卵翅蝗亚科的系统分类及物种快速分化机制新探索

Based on the features of squamipterous et al., Caryandinae was separated from the Oxyinae as a typical representative of species rapid differentiation, including 2-5 genera, about more than 90 species, mainly living in tussock grass under bushes and broad-leaf trees in the tropical and subtropical regions of the old world. However, the taxonomic status of the subfamily and the phylogenetic relationships among genera and species have been highly controversial, as well as the species rapid differentiation mechanism yet to be studied. Based on a large number of Caryandinae materials found Yunnan in recent years, with multiple mitochondrial and nuclear genes sequence data, we will be committed to solve the question of whether the subfamily is a monaphyly, to solve the problem of subfamily attribution, to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among Caryanda, Lemba, Longchuanacris, Qingshuiacris and Sinocaryanda, on this basis to revise known species and to describe new species. Combination of interspecific hybridization test and the molecular biology information, we will attempt to explore the mechanisms of Caryanda species rapid differentiation and the cause of species distribution patterns forming. The results provide probably references for building or to rebuilding a framework of Acridoidea phylogenetic tree, and for exploring the mechanisms of the formation and maintenance of biodiversity in key areas.

卵翅蝗亚科Caryandinae是基于翅退化等特化特征，从稻蝗亚科中分离建成，含2~5属，约90余种，主要分布于旧大陆热带和亚热带地区，栖息于灌丛和阔叶林下草被层，是物种快速分化的典型类群。然而，该亚科分类地位、属间及种间系统发育关系等问题一直颇有争议，物种快速分化机制尚未进行深入研究。本课题将联合运用形态学和分子生物学手段，基于近年来发现的多种卵翅蝗亚科材料，采用多个线粒体和核基因序列数据，致力于解决卵翅蝗亚科的单系性及其亚科的归属问题，揭示卵翅蝗属、舟形蝗属、龙川蝗属、清水蝗属及华卵翅蝗属5个近缘属的系统发育关系，在此基础上对已知种进行订正、对新种开展描述；结合种间杂交试验，利用分子生物学信息尝试探讨卵翅蝗属物种快速分化机制和分布格局成因问题。其结果对澄清该亚科的系统发育关系、对构建蝗总科主干系统发育框架提供参考，并为探索生物多样性关键地区多样性形成和维持机制提供借鉴。

学术界对卵翅蝗亚科的分类地位、属级组成一直存在争议；对模式属卵翅蝗属的系统发育关系未见系统研究；卵翅蝗属的物种分化机制未见报道；一些分类单元有待订正，一些新种有待报道。.本项目重点针对上述问题开展以下内容的研究工作：（1）基于分子系统学和/或形态学证据重建卵翅蝗亚科及其与亲缘亚科系统发育关系；厘清舟形蝗属、龙川蝗属（原属于稻蝗亚科）、清水蝗属（原属于秃蝗亚科）与模式属卵翅蝗属之间的系统发育关系，探讨清水蝗属、华卵翅蝗属的分类地位；（2）基于杂交实验探讨卵翅蝗属的物种分化机制；（3）开展分类学订正工作。取得了以下成果：.（1）分子系统学证据支持了卵翅蝗亚科的分类地位，该亚科包含卵翅蝗属、舟形蝗属、龙川蝗属3属，支持了将清水蝗属和华卵翅蝗属并入卵翅蝗属。提出了17种卵翅蝗划分成5种团的建议，即：尾齿卵翅蝗种团、抱须卵翅蝗种团、黑刺卵翅蝗种团、金黄卵翅蝗种团和清水卵翅蝗种团。（2）杂交实验结果表明大尾须卵翅蝗和犁须卵翅蝗在自然界无基因流，但在实验室条件下，它们可以相互配育，产生可育的F1代，二者之间尚未形成生殖隔离，应该作为同一种的不同亚种对待，其示差性状的遗传未表现单基因遗传规律中的显隐关系特点。此二亚种是地理隔离状态下的小种群，推测它们正处于物种分化进程中，符合遗传漂变和奠基者效应导致的物种形成机制。（3）样本经整理、分类鉴定有科学新发现17新单元，其中已公开发表10新种，报道了1中国新记录属（绿锥蝗属Chlorizeina），指出了2个异名属、4个异名种和1个新组合。结果丰富和深化了对蝗虫区系、系统发育和物种分化的认识。