聚合物诱导辅助原位氢还原湿法制备纳米钼粉过程机理与调控方法

Nanosized molybdenum powder finds potential applications in electronic base lining, electrical contacts, thick film ink and metal injection molding, due to its excellent quantum size effect, surface effect and high reaction activity. However, its large-scale batch preparation is seriously limited by various difficulties including morphology control, nanoparticle aggregation and surface oxidation. Based on the previous research achievements in hydrometallurgy and hydrogen reduction, the polymer induction coupled with in situ hydrogen reduction method was proposed for preparing nanosized molybdenum powder. Through the polymer induction to the molybdenum-containing precursor, nanosized molybdenum oxides intermediate is firstly synthesized. By in situ reduction of the nascent highly-active nanosized intermediate slurry with activated hydrogen, nanosized molybdenum powder can be obtained. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of molybdenum oxides intermediate under polymer induction will be explored. The reaction activity of the nascent nanosized particles will be analyzed. The influences of in situ hydrogen reduction and nanoparticle aging on structure and property will be clarified. The regulation principles of polymer induction, in situ hydrogen reduction and nanosized particle aging will be revealed. With the breakthrough of the bottlenecks in morphology, size and reaction activity, the project is expected to fulfill the controllable synthesis of nanosized molybdenum powder. The resolution of the key scientific problems in this project will help to link up the upstream hydrometallurgical extraction process of molybdenite ore, construct a new principle, as well as a new hydrometallurgical preparation method, for nanosized molybdenum oxides and molybdenum powders. Those results are also potential to be extended to the preparation of other nanostructured metal powders and will be of significant scientific importance and application prospective.

纳米钼粉具有量子尺寸效应、表面效应和高反应活性，在电子基衬、电触头、厚膜墨水、金属注射成型等领域应用前景广阔，但其形貌调控、颗粒团聚及表面氧化等难题限制了其批量工业制备。申请人以研究团队湿法冶金和氢还原前期研究成果为基础，提出聚合物诱导辅助原位氢还原制备纳米钼粉的湿法新工艺，拟以聚合物诱导钼前驱体溶液调控制备纳米钼氧化物中间体，再用活性氢对新生成的高活性纳米粒子进行原位氢还原制备纳米钼粉；探讨聚合物诱导下钼氧化物中间体晶体成核和生长过程机理，分析新生成纳米粒子的反应活性，弄清氢还原及颗粒陈化工艺参数对纳米钼粉结构和性质的影响规律，揭示聚合物诱导、原位氢还原及颗粒陈化调控机理，突破纳米钼粉形貌、尺寸及活性控制等瓶颈，实现可控制备。本项目关键科学问题的解决，可与上游辉钼矿湿法提取工艺衔接，形成纳米钼粉全湿法制备新机理和新方法，并有望拓展到其它纳米金属粉体制备过程，具有一定的科学意义和应用前景。

作为一种不可替代的稀有战略资源和重要原料，钼及其合金被广泛应用诸多高科技领域。特定形貌钼粉作为高性能、微形、异形钼基制品的原料，其微观组织形貌和物化性能在很大程度上影响着这些钼加工制品的使用性能和产品质量。特定形貌钼粉，特别是纳米钼粉具有量子尺寸效应、表面效应和高反应活性，在电子基衬、电触头、厚膜墨水、金属注射成型等领域应用前景广阔，但其形貌调控、颗粒团聚及表面氧化等难题限制了其批量工业制备。等离子球化法、溶胶-凝胶法和喷雾造粒法等特定形貌钼粉制备方法多存在设备要求高、钼粉形貌单一、过程复杂、成本高、产率低等问题。.为实现特定形貌钼粉的可控制备，本项目以研究团队湿法冶金和氢还原前期研究成果为基础，提出并形成了先聚合物诱导钼前驱体溶液调控制备特定形貌钼氧化物中间体，再气固氧化还原法制备特定形貌钼粉的新工艺。本项目探讨了聚合物诱导下钼氧化物中间体晶体成核和生长过程机理，分析了氧化、还原及陈化工艺参数对钼粉结构和性质的影响规律，揭示了聚合物诱导、氧化还原及陈化调控机理，突破了钼粉形貌、尺寸及活性控制等瓶颈，实现了特定形貌钼粉的可控制备。本项目探究了不同工艺路线与方法对钼粉产物形貌和组成的影响，遴选出最佳工艺路线与制备方法；优化了过程参数，获得较优工艺条件；揭示了钼杂化物氧化机理和钼粉制备遗传机理。.本项目关键科学问题的解决，可与上游辉钼矿湿法提取工艺衔接，形成特定形貌钼粉制备新机理和新方法，并有望拓展到其它金属粉体制备过程，具有一定的科学意义和应用前景。