干旱地区隧道区域水系统稳定及水环境修复安全保障技术体系研究

Tunnel engineering in arid regions cause destruction of groundwater system, water pollution, cause the tunnel above the water level drops, ecological vegetation died for lack of a large number of deaths, construction serious environmental pollution, ecological environment deterioration, frequent natural disasters, and the underground water quality change extend its natural repair cycle. This topic main research: (1) the tunnel line selection and the mountain of the underground water system coupling problem, build the prediction analysis, explore the theoretical basis for the best drainage protection line selection. (2) study the tunnel construction of water environment protection method, water system, water environment and ecological restoration problem, for the tunnel engineering provides the reference for the construction organization and management of science, environmental protection. (3) to construct a system of tunnel engineering in arid regions of water protection, water environmental pollution control and ecological restoration technology security system. LiuPanShan tunnel in drought area as an example, from the tunnel design and construction specifications, design documentation, engineering management, budget and project the whole process of case analysis, put forward a complete technical support system. Research work of technology, economy and environment of the trinity system of tunnel engineering, for the transportation sector can provide certain theoretical basis and practical basis for green development.

干旱地区隧道工程引起地下水系统破坏、水环境污染，导致隧道上方水位线下降，生态植被因缺水大量死亡，施工环境污染、生态环境严重恶化，自然灾害频发，且地下水质改变使其自然修复周期延长。本课题主要研究：①隧道选线位置与山体地下水系耦合问题，模型构建预测分析，探寻保护水系的最佳选线理论依据。②研究隧道施工水环境、水系统保护工法、水环境及生态修复问题，为隧道工程进行科学、环保的施工组织管理提供依据。③构建干旱地区隧道工程水系统保护、水环境污染防治、生态修复安全保障技术体系。以干旱地区六盘山隧道为例，从隧道设计、施工规范、设计文件编制、工程管理、预算等工程项目全过程进行案例分析，提出完整技术保障体系。工作研究形成的技术、经济及环境三位一体的隧道工程技术体系，为交通行业能够绿色发展提供一定的理论基础和实践依据。

本课题采取理论分析、现场调研、数值计算以及模型试验等综合手段，开展了针对隧道建设工程对原有地下水系统平衡的影响、水环境污染情况以及隧道山岭植被生态环境的影响等关键技术的研究。结果表明：运用Landweber迭代等确定性算法，可有效解决模拟隧道污染物时空分布中确定模型参数的问题；结合Visual Modflow软件建立了秦峪隧道油类污染物迁移模型，分析出影响污染迁移距离的最大因素是孔隙度，其次是渗透系数；研究认为注浆圈厚度与隧道衬砌外水压力大小间存在显著相关，而隧道围岩渗透系数和注浆加固圈渗透系数比值、隧道围岩渗透系数和衬砌渗透系数比值与隧道衬砌外水压力大小间存在极显著相关；研究引入了植被地下水生态平衡埋深的概念，利用面井法计算出因隧道排水导致的含水层疏干漏斗，进而得出隧道合理限排量。上述研究成果为干旱半干旱地区隧道建设中的水系统平衡、生态环境保护等问题提供了一定的理论基础和科学依据。