闪烁炉中矿石还原过程的物理化学基础研究

In the past two century, the blast finance was a main equipment to produce iron, however, that brought us a high energy consumption and serious pollution. In order to solve this problem the metallurgists from United States, Europe and Japan had paid attention in the "flash roaster" technique that is already much matured in the nonferrous metallurgy. It is well known that the technical process and equipment of the "flash roaster" in China are leading in the world and many related equipments have been exported oversea, which help us in the competition of studying this new technology in the ferrous metallurgy. The difficulty for applying the "flash roaster" to ferrous metallurgy might be attributed to the high melting point of ferrous metal and slag as well as the reduction with multiple reducing steps of ore, the fundamental researches of which currently are almost none. Therefore it is absolute significant to the ironmaking and steelmaking industry to start the fundamental research in this topic. Our research group has made some significant researches in this issue in the past years that have already been recognized by the world. At present we like to cooperate with the technologists of the non-ferrous field and devote our efforts to developing the application of this technique to the ferrous metallurgy. This is a meaningful cooperation from different fields in the metallurgy with the people possessing different superior background and ability. We sincerely hope that we can get the support from NSFC.

二百多年来钢铁工业生产一直是依靠高炉炼铁。它是一个长流程，是高能耗、重污染的根源。为了解决这个难题，包括欧美和日本等国的冶金工作者在内，最近都注意到有色行业中已卓有成效的"闪烁炉"冶炼法，并试图将它搬入到黑色冶金中。我国在"闪烁冶炼"工艺方面在国际上是领先的，有些设备还远销海外，为我们在"闪烁炉"炼铁方面的竞争，提供了有利条件。"闪烁炉"炼铁的困难在于铁矿石的高熔点和多价态的还原，有关这方面的基础研究还是"一片空白"。为此，开展这方面的基础研究对探索钢铁工业发展的新方向是有重要意义的。我们在基础研究方面的积累已获得国际上的认可。我们在这课题上与有色系统科技工作者的配合是"钢铁-有色"学科交叉思维指导下，又各具优势的背景下,富有有意义的合作。基金的支持对本课题非常重要。

本课题是在"钢铁-有色"学科交叉思维指导下展开的，研究紧密围绕矿石还原过程的物理化学基础研究展开。例如矿石在闪烁炉中的还原过程事实上包括如下三个步骤：矿石颗粒在气相的漂浮还原，部分还原的颗粒在焦炭层中的还原以及液滴或颗粒进入渣相后的最终还原。因此，本课题围绕“炉渣物化性质实验及模型计算”、“气-固相反应动力学实验及模型预报”、“液-固相还原反应实验”相关领域进行了研究，提出了局部区域熔体新模型和“气-固”、“液-固”反应动力学模型，准确预测熔体的物理化学性质，定量描述温度、气体分压、颗粒尺寸、升温速率等对反应速率的影响。项目取得了比预期较丰硕的成果，共发表相关论文45篇，其中SCI期刊论文40篇，会议论文5篇；申请国家发明专利2项。本研究在处理变价矿物体系气固、液固相还原动力学，局部区域熔体物性预报等方面，所引用的方法和实验设计，非但在解决本课题中有用，对相关冶金问题处理也有借鉴作用。