叠氮硝化纤维素的纳米增强改性及点击固化反应研究

The high energy, low characteristic signal，excellent mechanical and insensitive properties are always hot spot and difficult point in the field of propellant.Nitrocellulose is the main energetic binder of (cross-linking) modified double-base propellant, but its energy and mechanical performance can not be improved simultaneously. In addition, it is easy to produce the bubbles in curing process of NC adhesive, which seriously affect the mechanical properties of the system. In order to solve these problems, this project aims to improve the low temperature toughness of NC with molecular internal plasticization of azide group on NC semi rigid molecular. At the same time, the NC nano whisker will be prepared to enhance the modified NC for improving high-temperature strength and modulus, and that is the solution of the contradiction between parallel improving energy and mechanical properties of NC. In addition, triazole ring compounds curing system is synthesized by the click reaction of azide NC and acetylenic compounds by using less side reaction of click chemistry, which prevent bubbles formation. The specific process and mechanism of the NC's grafting modification, nano-enhancement and click curing will be studied in detail. The technical principle is feasible and the application is of great value.

高能、低特征信号、力学性能优异以及钝感一直是推进剂研究的热点和难点。硝化纤维素（NC）是（交联）改性双基推进剂的主要含能粘合剂，而它自身的能量性能和力学性能很难同时得到提高；此外，NC粘合剂在固化时，容易产生CO2等气泡，严重影响粘合剂体系的力学性能。基于上述问题，本项目设计接枝引入含能叠氮基团，用其对NC半刚性分子链进行分子内增塑改性，得到低温韧性较好的叠氮化NC。同时，制备NC纳米晶须来增强叠氮化NC，提高其高温强度和模量，即解决同时提高NC能量性能和力学性能之间的矛盾；此外，利用点击化学反应副反应少的优点，使叠氮化NC与炔基化合物进行点击反应合成三唑环化合物固化体系，解决长期困扰研究者们在NC粘合剂固化过程中生成气泡的问题。该项目详细研究NC的叠氮接枝改性、纳米增强及其点击固化反应的具体工艺和机理，其技术原理可行，应用价值重大。

高能、低特征性能以及力学性能优异是固体推进剂研究的热点和难点。本项目在固体推进剂粘合剂的应用基础上，对硝化纤维素（NC）进行了叠氮化改性，制得了相应的叠氮化改性NC复合球形药，探索了其制备工艺、成球机理以及相关性能。在NC复合球形药中，引入了几种典型的燃速催化剂作为调节复合球形药燃烧速率的调节手段，制得了相应的改性球形药，并对其相关性能做了测试与分析。另外，采取了点击固化反应原理和纳米增强的手段，制得了基于叠氮化改性NC粘合剂体系胶片，通过测试发现，其力学性能较好，在固体推进剂中具有较大的潜在应用价值。