气动升力作用下的EMS磁浮车辆动力稳定性理论和实验研究

Maglev vehicle is a mechanics-electric-magnetism multidisciplinary high-dimensional nonlinear coupling system. Its dynamic stability research is not only the hot but also the difficulty. In recent years, high speed EMS maglev train develops rapidly. Affected by aerodynamic load, the dynamic stability and nonlinear vibration characteristics become more complicated. In the available studies, scholars have been lack of the research on the dynamic stability of the interaction system of aerodynamic load-vehicle-electromagnetic force. EMS maglev vehicle is suspended steadily because of vertical electromagnetic force with feedback control, thus the effect of aerodynamic lift on dynamic stability will be the most direct. This project intends to study the dynamic stability of EMS maglev vehicle considering aerodynamic lift. Multi-body dynamic model of maglev vehicle under steady and unsteady aerodynamic lift will be established. Numerical integration of dynamic equations, analytic solution of nonlinear system, and suspension experiment of single-magnet are used to analyze critical speed, subharmonic resonance, amplitude-frequency response, and bifurcation characteristic. This project plans to reveal the effect mechanism of aerodynamic lift on dynamic stability and obtain the evolution law of dynamic stability with key parameters. Results will provide a theoretical foundation for physical design and control strategy optimizing.

磁浮车辆是力、电、磁多学科耦合的高维非线性系统，其动力稳定性是研究的热点也是难点。近年来，EMS型高速磁浮列车建设加快，受气动作用影响，其稳定性以及非线性振动特性变得更加复杂，气动-结构-电磁力相互作用的高速磁浮车辆系统动力稳定性研究目前还很少见。EMS型高速磁浮车辆是依靠受控垂向电磁力实现稳定悬浮的，垂向气动力（即气动升力）对动力稳定性的影响将是最直接的。本项目以考虑气动升力的EMS型磁浮车辆系统动力稳定性为研究对象，以定常和非定常气动升力作用下的磁浮车辆多刚体动力学系统为模型，综合运用动力学方程的数值分析、非线性振动系统解析求解和单电磁铁悬浮实验验证三种研究手段，分析气动升力条件下磁浮车辆临界速度、主共振、超谐和亚谐共振、幅频响应关系和分岔特性，揭示气动升力对动力稳定性的影响机理，得到动力稳定性随气动升力特征、悬挂和控制参数的演化规律，为磁浮车辆结构设计、控制算法优化设计提供理论依据。

磁浮车辆是力、电、磁多学科耦合的高维非线性系统，其动力稳定性是研究的热点也是难点。近年来，EMS型高速磁浮列车建设加快，受气动作用影响，其稳定性以及非线性振动特性变得更加复杂，气动-结构-电磁力相互作用的高速磁浮车辆系统动力学研究目前还很少见。EMS型高速磁浮车辆是依靠受控垂向电磁力实现稳定悬浮的，垂向气动力（即气动升力）对动力稳定性的影响将是最直接的。本项目以考虑气动升力的EMS型磁浮车辆系统动力稳定性为研究对象，以定常和非定常气动升力作用下的磁浮车辆多刚体动力学系统为模型，综合运用动力学方程的数值分析、非线性振动系统解析求解和单电磁铁悬浮实验验证三种研究手段，分析了磁浮列车在气动升力下的失稳机理，得到了列车的三种失稳模式，分别为动态分岔失稳、静态分岔失稳以及过载失稳；揭示了磁浮列车在非定常气动升力下的周期解及其稳定性范围；搭建了高速磁浮气动-车-轨耦合测试实验平台，并构建了列车动力学与控制联合仿真模型，在实验平台和仿真模型基础上，研发了新的考虑气动升力干扰的滑模控制器，并验证了其有效性。相关成果可以为磁浮车辆结构设计、控制算法优化设计提供理论依据。