橡胶/碳纳米管/蒙脱土平面互锁结构的构筑及其机理研究

The CNTs aggregation has been found to dramatically hamper the mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. The superb properties of CNTs cannotas yet be fully translated into high strength and stiffness finished products. In order to improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in rubber matrix and prepare the high performance rubber, because of the high strength and toughness of nature nacre were due to its unique platelet interlock structure on nano-scale, using the modified CNTs with exchangeable cationic groups as the intercalation agent of MMT, the active groups of modified carbon nanotubes intercalated into the interlayer of MMT. The rubber/CNTs/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by emulsion co-coagulation method with the suspension of CNTs/MMT nano-filler in rubber latex. Using the hybrid of CNTs and MMT on nano-scale, the CNTs/MMT platelet interlock struecture in rubber matrix was constructed. the CNTs were dispersed well in the rubber matrix and a certain degree of platelet interlocks structure with MMT was achieved. And corresponding theoretical analysis were discussed. The synergistic reinforcing mechanism of CNTs and MMT on the rubber were also studied. This research has potential application on the preparation and its industrialization of rubber based CNTs nanocomposites.

碳纳米管的团聚严重妨碍了橡胶基纳米复合材料的力学性能，限制了碳纳米管改性和补强作用的发挥。为了提高碳纳米管在橡胶基体中的分散性能，本课题利用天然贝壳类材料的高韧高强特性源于其独有的纳米尺度的平面互锁结构的原理，将带有可交换的阳离子基团的改性碳纳米管作为蒙脱土的插层改性剂，使得改性碳纳米管表面的活性基团插层进入到蒙脱土层间，并采用乳液共絮共凝法制备出橡胶/碳纳米管/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。利用碳纳米管与蒙脱土在纳米尺度上的混杂，在橡胶基体中构筑出碳纳米管/蒙脱土的平面互锁结构，使得碳纳米管在橡胶基体中均匀分散并与蒙脱土片层形成了一定程度的相互穿插与啮合，充分发挥出碳纳米管对橡胶的高补强特性，进而研究其相应的理论模型与模拟，研究改性碳纳米管与蒙脱土协同补强橡胶的机理。本项目对橡胶基碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其工业化具有潜在的应用价值。

自碳纳米管（CNTs）被发现至今，已在世界范围内掀起广泛的 CNTs 研究热潮。但是碳纳米管的团聚严重妨碍了橡胶基纳米复合材料的力学性能，限制了碳纳米管改性和补强作用的发挥。 .为了提高碳纳米管在橡胶基体中的分散性能，本课题利用天然贝壳类材料的高韧高强特性源于其独有的纳米尺度的平面互锁结构的原理，将带有可交换的阳离子基团的改性碳纳米管作为蒙脱土的插层改性剂，使得改性碳纳米管表面的活性基团插层进入到蒙脱土层间，制备出了碳纳米管/蒙脱土纳米填料。并制备出了丁苯橡胶/碳纳米管/蒙脱土纳米复合材料、丁腈橡胶/碳纳米管/蒙脱土纳米复合材料、顺丁橡胶/碳纳米管/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。并对复合材料的结构与性能进行了研究。研究发现利用碳纳米管与蒙脱土在纳米尺度上的混杂，在橡胶基体中构筑出碳纳米管/蒙脱土的平面互锁结构，碳纳米管在橡胶基体中均匀分散并与蒙脱土片层形成了一定程度的相互穿插与啮合，充分发挥出碳纳米管对橡胶的高补强特性，使得橡胶/碳纳米管/蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优异的力学性能、耐磨性能、耐溶剂性能等。.基于平面互锁结构补强机理，制备了溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶/碳纳米管/石墨烯复合材料，考察了停放时间，停放温度以及返炼次数对胎面胶的硫化性能、力学性能、加工性能、耐磨性能以及微观结构的影响。研究发现增加停放时间对白炭黑/石墨烯混炼胶的力学加工性能优化效果明显，通过适当时间停放，胶料的硫化速率增加，复合材料的综合性能优异。