基于三维刚体运动的游泳技术动作优化评估方法研究

To enhance the core competitiveness of competitive swimming is an important guarantee for our country to realize the Olympic Glorious Program and has a positive significance for promoting the sustainable development of our country sports. By analyzing the interaction between swimmers and water, exploring the mechanism of resistance and propulsive force during the swimming process and putting forward the optimized scheme of technical action to achieve the purpose of reducing the resistance and improving the efficiency of propulsion, which is the most effective way to enhance competitive swimming performance. This study develops a rigid body model for investigating swimming motion based on the sports anatomy, sports technology, computational fluid dynamics and other theories, which effectively solves the limitation of grid update during swimming. The correction factor is determined through experimental verification, which is used to find out the corresponding relationship between the numerical simulation results and the real swimming movement and finally to guide the optimization of different swimming techniques. The significance of this study is to develop a new accurate simulation method of complex swimming techniques, narrow the gap between China and other advanced countries in the field of the relevant research, and promote the quality of the swimming training. It provides new and effective solutions to seek the best control of swimming technical movement.

提升竞技游泳运动的核心竞争力，是我国实现奥运争光计划的重要保证，对于促进我国体育事业的可持续发展具有积极意义。通过分析游泳运动员与水的相互作用关系，探索游动过程中的阻力与推进力的产生机理，进而提出技术动作的优化方案，实现降低阻力提高推进效率的目的，是当前提升竞技游泳性能最为有效的手段。本课题从运动解剖学、运动技术、计算流体力学等多角度出发，提出基于三维刚体运动的游泳技术动作数值模拟方法，解决游泳运动与传统欧拉网格更新方式相结合的障碍，通过试验验证方式确定修正因子，实现数值模拟计算结果与实际游泳运动的转化，最终达到指导不同游泳技术动作优化的目的。本项目的意义在于提出一种新的数值模拟策略实现复杂游泳技术的精确仿真，缩小与其他发达国家相关研究领域的差距，促进我国竞技游泳质量训练水平提升，为寻求游泳技术动作的最佳控制提供新的有效解决途径。

建立适应高复杂度游泳技术动作的计算流体力学数值模拟分析方法，探究游动过程中运动员阻力与推进力的产生机理，对于指导竞技游泳技术动作优化具有重要的意义。本项目从运动解剖学、运动技术、计算流体力学等多角度出发，建立基于三维多刚体运动的游泳动态数值模拟计算方法。首先，开展了游泳运动员体型逆向重构与多体模型分解方法研究，发展了高逼真三维多刚体运动员模型。然后，开展了游泳多刚体运动控制与数值建模研究，建立了动态游泳运动主动与被动控制方法。其次，开展了游泳仿生机器人建模研究，搭建了刚性与仿生弹性肢体游泳测试平台，验证了数值方法的可靠性及明确了刚性与仿生弹性肢体在运动过程中游动性能的相关性。最后，以蝶泳打腿运动为例，开展了游泳技术动作水动力学特性研究，建立了游动姿态、水深、动作与游动性能的关系。研究结果表明，本项目提出的基于多刚体运动的三维动态游泳数值模拟方法计算结果能较好地与实际运动情况吻合，多刚体运动取代人体的变形运动，解决了Euler网格更新方法处理复杂游泳问题中容易出现网格畸形引起的计算发散的缺陷，为从游泳水动力学机理分析角度精准诊断评估及优化技术动作提供了一种新的解决思路。