面向智能电网高可信电表的问责机制研究

Security is one of challenging problems in smart grid. Smart meters,the most numerous facilites in smart grid , are the basic metering facilities at users end. On one hand, a malicious smart meter is capable of compromising the power readings without being detected, and a faulty entity may consequently lead huge financial loss; on the other hand, compromised power readings will affect the time-varing electricity price as well the electricity usage of users, which may further destabilize the grid. Accountability implies the capability of identifying a party that is responsible for specific events with undeniable evidence. For this, after taking into account the bidirectional power and information flows in smart grid, this project will study accountability mechanisms for smart meters to provide solutions to build trustworthy smart grids in home areas and neighborhood areas. Specifically,the following key problems,i.e., verifying readings of smart meters and appliances, mutual-inspection mechanisms for non-repudiation, malicious meter detection and the evaluation framework for accountability, will be addressed for building acountability theory and method for high confidence meters in smart grid. Based on the above studies, both the simulation and the physical experiment testbeds will be developed to demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed accountability mechanisms. This project will serve as a solid theoretical and technological foundation for the design and reliazation of a high confidence electricity system of smart grid.

安全是智能电网的挑战性问题之一。智能电表是智能电网用电侧的基本计量设备，也是智能电网数量最大的设备。一方面恶意的智能电表可以在不被检测到的情况下篡改用电读数，从而造成巨大的经济损失；另一方面不准确的用电计量将影响实时电价及其他用户的用电行为，从而严重影响电网的稳定性。问责机制可以利用不可抵赖的证据辨识出具体事件的责任方，已成为保障智能电表安全的重要手段。本项目将针对能源双向潮流和互动的特点，研究住宅范围及社区范围的智能电表的问责机制。具体将突破智能仪表和智能装置组读数验证、智能仪表互检机制、恶意节点检测和问责机制评价体系等关键问题，建立智能电网高可信电表问责机制的理论和方法体系。在此基础上，设计和开发仿真平台和物理实验平台，验证本课题所提出问责机制的正确性和有效性。本课题的成功开展将为设计和实现高可信的智能电网用电系统提供坚实的理论和技术支撑。

智能电网的目标是实现电网运行的安全、可靠、经济、高效和环保。为实现上述目标，智能电网将传统物理电网与现代先进的传感测量技术、信息及通信技术、计算机和控制技术等高度集成。这些技术的引入，一方面能充分满足用户的电力需求并最大限度地优化资源配置，另一方面也使得恶意用户能够通过网络攻击篡改智能电表读数、窃取用户隐私等。针对智能电网双向通信网络的特点，本项目主要考虑了面向智能电网邻域网的恶意用户检测、面向智能电网家域网的恶意设备检测、和面向智能电网通信网络的问责关键技术等方面的内容，系统地研究了面向智能电网高可信电表的问责机制研究和方法。仿真结果验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性。.基于上述成果，项目组共发表高水平学术论文36篇，申请发明专利5项。本课题的成功开展为设计安全、可靠、高效的面向智能电网的问责机制提供了坚实的理论基础。