DnPR-SPNA组合工艺的启动、性能优化及其调控策略

Due to the insufficient carbon sources for both denitrification and phosphorus removal, incomplete nitrogen and phosphorus removal frequently happens in traditional nutrient removal process treating municipal wastewater. Denitrifying phosphorus removal (DnPR) can achieve a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using the same stored intracellular carbons; One-stage simultaneous partial nitrification and ANAMMOX (SPNA) process can achieve an efficient, energy-saving and cost-reducing NH4+-N removal. By combining DnPR with SPNA, a novel DnPR-SPNA process will be developed in this project to achieve an efficient nutrient and organic carbon removal treating municipal wastewater. SPNA will be employed to achieve an autotrophic nitrogen removal, thus limited organic carbons in influent are entirely used for DnPR using the NO3--N produced by SPNA. By studying the relationships of operating conditions and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) enrichment with nutrient removal performance, control methods for the start-up and performance optimization of DnPR process treating municipal wastewater will be proposed; strategies for the rapid start-up and stable maintenance of SPNA will also be established; a novel methodology to quantify diverse functional microorganisms for the removal of carbon and nutrient in the combined DnPR-SPNA system will be developed to analyze the competition mechanisms among those functional microorganisms; additionally, N2O production in the DnPR-SPNA process will be investigated to illustrate the control strategies. The research results will provide effective technical support for the energy saving of urban sewage treatment, and bring alternative strategies for the deep-level nutrient removal from low carbon wastewaters and the reduction of excess sludge.

采用传统生物脱氮除磷工艺处理城市污水，常因碳源不足造成脱氮与除磷不完全。反硝化除磷（DnPR）工艺，可以“一碳两用”，一体式短程硝化厌氧氨氧化（SPNA）工艺，可实现低能耗及高效的NH4+-N去除。本项目拟将DnPR与SPNA组合用于处理城市污水，通过SPNA实现污水的自养脱氮，污水中的有限碳源仅用于DnPR，并且利用DnPR来实现厌氧氨氧化产物（NO3--N）的去除。研究DnPR的运行条件和聚磷菌群富集程度与处理性能的关系，提出城市污水DnPR启动与性能优化的控制方法；建立城市污水SPNA快速启动和稳定运行的调控策略；构建DnPR-SPNA组合工艺中各功能菌在污染物去除贡献比例的计算方法，探索功能微生物竞争机制；考察组合工艺运行过程中N2O产生情况，构建城市污水DnPR-SPNA过程N2O释放的控制策略。可为污水处理的节能降耗提供有力技术支持，并给低碳污水的深度脱氮除磷带来技术性的变革。

DnPR-SPNA组合工艺对低碳城市污水高效脱氮除磷具有广阔的应用前景。本项目主要研究一种适合城市污水高效脱氮除磷的新工艺，即“DnPR-SPNA”组合工艺，建立工艺优化运行的调控策略；构建分析 DnPR-SPNA 组合工艺中各功能菌贡献比例的计算分析方法以及启动与性能优化过程中 N2O 释放量的变化规律。主要研究成果如下：.1. DnPR 的启动及性能优化及聚磷菌与聚糖菌的富集培养研究。通过进水 C/N 比、厌氧排水比和缺氧时间条件等影响因素研究，考察了 PD-DPR 耦合系统的启动和优化运行特性及过程中 NO2--N 积累、 PO43--P 去除特性、聚磷菌富集机制。.2. SPNA 的启动、维持与性能优化。研究采用水性聚氨酯（WPU）制作硝化污泥包埋颗粒，接种少量 FAS 加快 了Anammox 的启动，用分子生物学的方法分析 AGS 的群落结构，分析其动力学特性。.3. 新型DnPR-SPNA组合工艺启动及性能优化调控策略。通过强化内源反硝化脱氮的方式，提出并建立新型延伸工艺，实现系统的优化运行；通过强化系统脱氮性能，验证了系统同时处理低碳氮比（C/N）城市污水与硝氮废水的可行性。.4. 新型DnPR-SPNA组合工艺污染物转化与去除中各功能微生物的贡献比例及其竞争机制。基于城市污水反硝化除磷系统中各功能微生物的代谢模型 PAOs-GAOs 的竞争机制，确定系统的最佳碳源转化途径及氮磷去除途径。 .5. DnPR-SPNA 运行过程中 N2O 释放规律及其控制。在反硝化除磷系统缺氧吸磷过程中 N2O 产生量与初始 NO3--N 浓度成正相关，反应过程中溶解态 N2O 浓度与 NO2--N 的浓度成正相关。.通过研究DnPR-SPNA的启动及影响因素等对实际工程应用有重要价值，不仅可以丰富生物处理系统理论分析方法，并有望为生物脱氮除磷新工艺的开发和优化提供理论支撑。